Basit Abdul, Ahmad Saeed, Khan Kashif Ur Rehman, Naeem Abid, Usman Muhammad, Ahmed Imtiaz, Shahzad Muhammad Nadeem
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Apr 6;287:114942. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114942. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
Justicia vahlii Roth. (Acanthaceae), also called as kodasoori and bhekkar is an annual therophyte erect or decumbent herb used traditionally in toothache, skin diseases (itching, topical inflammation) and for the treatment of various respiratory disorders.
The current study aimed at exploring pain cessation potential of J. vahlii Roth. via murine model of neuropathic pain and its phytochemical, toxicological and antioxidant profiles.
The hydro-alcoholic extract of J. vahlii (HAEJv) prepared by maceration technique was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, total bioactive content determination, UPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS analysis. Toxicity assessment was carried out by using brine shrimp lethality assay and acute oral toxicity test. Murine model of neuropathic pain was applied to assess the antineuropathic potential of the species. Furthermore effect of the extract on catalase, superoxide oxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and total necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was also studied. In vitro antioxidant profile was explored by using four methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids and lignans as the major classes of secondary metabolites. The extract was found rich in total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) with identification of total 59 bioactives in UPLC-QTOF-MS and 40 compounds in GC-MS analysis. The extract was found nontoxic up to 4000 mg/kg (p.o.) in mice and no mortality observed in brine shrimp lethality assay. The HAEJv significantly reduced number of acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions at 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01) and 200 mg/kg (p < 0.001) and increased paw withdrawal threshold p < 0.05 at 100 mg/kg and p < 0.001 at 200 mg/kg, and an increase in tail withdrawal latency time p < 0.001 at 200 mg/kg was observed. The extract significantly increased levels of catalase, SOD and GSH while decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in sciatic nerve tissue of mice. HAEJv showed highest antioxidant activity through CUPRAC method 121.32 ± 1.22 mg trolox equivalent per gram of dry extract (mg TE/g DE) followed by DPPH 81.334 ± 4.35 mg TE/g DE, FRAP 69.89 ± 3.05 mg TE/g DE and ABTS 38.17 ± 2.12 mg TE/g DE.
The current study back the traditional use of J. vahlii in pain cessation through antioxidant based antineuropathic pain activity and revealed the extract non-toxic with number of functional phytoconstituents and warrants further research on isolation of the compounds and sub-acute toxicity studies.
瓦氏爵床（Justicia vahlii Roth.）（爵床科），也被称为kodasoori和bhekkar，是一种一年生草本植物，直立或斜生，传统上用于治疗牙痛、皮肤病（瘙痒、局部炎症）以及各种呼吸系统疾病。
本研究旨在通过神经性疼痛小鼠模型，探索瓦氏爵床的止痛潜力及其植物化学、毒理学和抗氧化特性。
采用浸渍技术制备瓦氏爵床水醇提取物（HAEJv），并进行初步植物化学筛选、总生物活性成分测定、超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF-MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。通过卤虫致死试验和急性经口毒性试验进行毒性评估。应用神经性疼痛小鼠模型评估该物种的抗神经性疼痛潜力。此外，还研究了提取物对过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和总肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的影响。采用四种方法探索体外抗氧化特性；2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）、铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）和铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）测定。
植物化学筛选显示，酚类、黄酮类、香豆素类、生物碱类和木脂素类是主要的次生代谢产物类别。该提取物富含总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC），UPLC-QTOF-MS共鉴定出59种生物活性成分，GC-MS分析鉴定出40种化合物。在小鼠中，提取物在高达4000mg/kg（口服）时无毒，卤虫致死试验未观察到死亡。HAEJv在100mg/kg（p<0.01）和200mg/kg（p<0.001）时显著减少乙酸诱导的腹部收缩次数，在100mg/kg时爪部退缩阈值增加（p<0.05），在200mg/kg时增加（p<0.001），在200mg/kg时观察到尾部退缩潜伏期时间增加（p<0.001）。提取物显著提高小鼠坐骨神经组织中过氧化氢酶、SOD和GSH的水平，同时降低IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。HAEJv通过CUPRAC方法显示出最高的抗氧化活性，为每克干提取物121.32±1.
