Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
Stud Hist Philos Sci. 2022 Feb;91:211-220. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.11.011. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
There is now a general consensus amongst philosophers in the values in science literature that values necessarily play a role in core areas of scientific inquiry. We argue that attention should now be turned from debating the value-free ideal to delineating legitimate from illegitimate influences of values in science, a project we dub "The New Demarcation Problem." First, we review past attempts to demarcate the uses of values and propose a categorization of the strategies by where they seek to draw legitimacy from. Next, we propose a set of desiderata for what we take to be a satisfactory solution and present a case study where conflicting sets of values clearly impinge on science, but where the legitimacy of their influence is ambiguous. We use these desiderata and the case study to illustrate what we take to be the strengths and weaknesses of current strategies. To be clear, our goal is not to answer the question we pose, but to articulate a framework within which a solution can be judged.
现在，科学价值文献中的哲学家们普遍认为，价值观必然在科学探究的核心领域中发挥作用。我们认为，现在应该把注意力从争论价值无涉的理想转向划定科学中价值观的合法与非法影响，我们将这个项目称为“新划界问题”。首先，我们回顾了过去尝试划定价值观使用的尝试，并根据它们寻求合法性的来源对策略进行了分类。接下来，我们提出了一套我们认为令人满意的解决方案的愿望，并用一个案例研究来说明一组相互冲突的价值观明显影响了科学，但它们的影响的合法性是模糊的。我们使用这些愿望和案例研究来说明我们认为当前策略的优缺点。需要明确的是，我们的目标不是回答我们提出的问题，而是阐明一个可以判断解决方案的框架。
