Immunization with a live attenuated dengue-2-virus candidate vaccine (16681-PDK 53): clinical, immunological and biological responses in adult volunteers.

A live dengue-2 (DEN-2) candidate vaccine (strain 16681-PDK 53), attenuated by passage in primary dog kidney cells, was tested in ten adult volunteers for evaluation of the safety, infectivity and immunogenicity of a dose of 1.9-2.7 x 10(4) plaque-forming units. Five of the volunteers were nonimmune to either dengue or Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses; the other five were nonimmune to dengue but immune to JE. After receiving 1.0 ml of the vaccine subcutaneously, all ten volunteers developed neutralizing antibodies to DEN-2 which were maintained for at least one and a half years. None of the subjects developed abnormal signs or symptoms and the results of clinical chemistry investigations were within normal range throughout the 21 days of observation after the immunization. Virus isolated from one viraemic volunteer retained the small-plaque and temperature-sensitive growth characteristics of the vaccine virus in vitro. Further testing of this candidate vaccine in humans is indicated.