Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Psychology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Child Dev. 2022 May;93(3):e299-e314. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13729. Epub 2021 Dec 31.
Emotion understanding develops rapidly in early childhood. Firstborn children (N = 231, 55% girls/45% boys, 86% White, 5% Black, 3% Asian, 4% Latinx, M = 29.92 months) were recruited into a longitudinal study from 2004 to 2008 in the United States and administered a series of tasks assessing eight components of young children's emotion understanding from ages 1 to 5. Cohort sequential analysis across three cohorts (1-, 2-, and 3-year-olds) demonstrated a progression of children's emotion understanding from basic emotion identification to an understanding of false-belief emotions, even after controlling for children's verbal ability. Emotion understanding scores were related to children's theory of mind and parent reports of empathy, but not emotional reactivity, providing evidence of both convergent and discriminant validity.
情绪理解在儿童早期迅速发展。研究人员从 2004 年至 2008 年在美国招募了 231 名（55%为女孩，45%为男孩，86%为白人，5%为黑人，3%为亚洲人，4%为拉丁裔）先出生的儿童，并对他们进行了一系列的任务评估，从 1 岁到 5 岁，评估了儿童情绪理解的八个组成部分。对三个队列（1 岁、2 岁和 3 岁）的队列序列分析表明，即使控制了儿童的语言能力，儿童的情绪理解也从基本情绪识别发展到对错误信念情绪的理解。情绪理解得分与儿童的心理理论和父母报告的同理心有关，但与情绪反应性无关，这为收敛效度和区分效度提供了证据。
