Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - SBFis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2022 Apr;218:106048. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106048. Epub 2021 Dec 29.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of orchiectomy (ORX) and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on redox balance and function of salivary glands. Forty-five young adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) were either castrated bilaterally or underwent fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were subsequently distributed into 3 groups: SHAM, ORX, and TRT (castrated rats that received an intramuscular injection of testosterone cypionate 10 mg/kg/weekly). All treatments started 4 weeks after castration (4 months old) and lasted 4 weeks (5 months old). At the end of treatment, pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was collected to analyze salivary flow rate and biochemistry composition, and the parotid (PG) and submandibular (SMG) glands were sampled for redox balance markers and histomorphometric analyses. ORX increased salivary flow rate, calcium, phosphate, and chloride, and decreased total protein and amylase, while not changing the salivary buffer capacity, pH, sodium, and potassium compared to SHAM. TRT restored all salivary parameters to SHAM values. ORX increased oxidative lipid and protein damage, total antioxidant capacity, and uric acid in both salivary glands compared to SHAM. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were greater only in the SMG of the ORX group in relation to SHAM. ORX decreased duct and acini area, while increasing connective tissue in the PG. On the other hand, ORX reduced duct area and increased acini area in the SMG compared to SHAM. TRT restored the redox balance and histomorphometric parameters to close to SHAM values in both salivary glands. Orchiectomy-induced salivary gland dysfunction was characterized by an increase in the salivary flow rate and changes in the secretion of total protein, amylase, and electrolytes, which are key factors, considered important for maintaining oral health status. To sum up, orchiectomy impaired the redox balance of the salivary glands. Our results also showed that TRT reversed the oxidative damage, morphological alterations, and salivary gland dysfunction induced by orchiectomy. Therefore, these results suggest an important action of testosterone on the redox balance and secretory ability of salivary glands.
本研究旨在探讨去势（ORX）和睾丸激素替代疗法（TRT）对唾液腺氧化还原平衡和功能的影响。将 45 只年轻成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠（3 个月大）双侧去势或行假手术（SHAM），并随后分为 3 组：SHAM、ORX 和 TRT（去势大鼠每周肌肉注射 10mg/kg 的睾酮 Cypionate）。所有治疗均在去势后 4 周（4 个月大）开始，持续 4 周（5 个月大）。治疗结束时，收集毛果芸香碱诱导的唾液分泌，以分析唾液流量和生化成分，同时采集腮腺（PG）和颌下腺（SMG）以分析氧化还原平衡标志物和组织形态计量学分析。与 SHAM 相比，ORX 增加了唾液流量、钙、磷和氯，降低了总蛋白和淀粉酶，但对唾液缓冲能力、pH 值、钠和钾没有影响。TRT 将所有唾液参数恢复到 SHAM 值。与 SHAM 相比，ORX 增加了两种唾液腺的脂质和蛋白质氧化损伤、总抗氧化能力和尿酸。与 SHAM 相比，只有 ORX 组的 SMG 中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性增加。ORX 减少了 PG 的导管和腺泡面积，同时增加了结缔组织。另一方面，与 SHAM 相比，ORX 减少了 SMG 的导管面积，增加了腺泡面积。TRT 将两种唾液腺的氧化还原平衡和组织形态计量学参数恢复到接近 SHAM 值。去势引起的唾液腺功能障碍的特征是唾液流量增加以及总蛋白、淀粉酶和电解质分泌的变化，这些是维持口腔健康状态的重要因素。总之，去势损害了唾液腺的氧化还原平衡。我们的结果还表明，TRT 逆转了去势引起的氧化损伤、形态改变和唾液腺功能障碍。因此，这些结果表明睾丸激素对唾液腺的氧化还原平衡和分泌能力具有重要作用。
