Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Spain.
Foundation for Domiciliary Care, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Nurse Educ Pract. 2022 Feb;59:103279. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103279. Epub 2021 Dec 24.
To determine if a training program, aimed at home care workers, for caring for the elderly and for providing their own self-care is effective for reducing workers burden in the short and long terms and to identify the associated variables that can influence burden across 12 months.
An increasing number of older adults rely on home care workers as a complement to the care received from family caregivers. However, these workers do not usually have any formal training in nursing care and occasionally suffer burden.
A pre- and post-intervention study with a follow-up at 12 months including 86 participants.
An 85-hour training course, which included a practical module lasting 35 h, was offered on five separate occasions between 2014 and 2017 in Barcelona (Spain). The care burden was measured according the Zarit Burden Interview and care knowledge and perceived difficulty performing care tasks were assessed. We also gathered data on the physical and psychological status of the care recipients.
The educational intervention was effective after training (-7.45% p = .020) and although the initial burden on caregivers did not worsen significantly despite spending 12 months caring for people with moderate physical and psychological dependence, the decrease in the burden was not maintained over time. Associated variables that can influence the burden over 6 months were the caregivers' baseline perception of lacking knowledge and/or having no difficulty with care tasks. The variable that could influence overburden in caregivers at 12 months was becoming ill before the intervention.
For the first time, the effectiveness of home workers-specific training has been demonstrated: a reduction in the perceived burden was observed immediately following training completion, but this reduction was not sustained at 6/12 months. The practical interpretation is that a remedial/follow-up training course may be needed. Whether difficulty in providing care or having sufficient knowledge and having an illness influence self-care maintenance requires further verification.
确定针对家庭护理员的培训计划是否有效，可以在短期和长期内减轻护理员的负担，并确定可以在 12 个月内影响负担的相关变量。
越来越多的老年人依赖家庭护理员作为家庭护理人员的补充。然而，这些护理员通常没有接受过护理方面的正规培训，有时会感到负担过重。
这是一项预干预和后干预研究，随访时间为 12 个月，包括 86 名参与者。
在 2014 年至 2017 年期间，在巴塞罗那（西班牙）分五次提供了一个 85 小时的培训课程，其中包括一个持续 35 小时的实践模块。使用 Zarit 负担访谈来衡量护理负担，评估护理知识和执行护理任务的感知难度。我们还收集了护理对象的身体和心理状况数据。
教育干预在培训后有效（-7.45%，p=.020），尽管在照顾身体和心理依赖程度中等的人 12 个月后，护理员的初始负担没有明显加重，但随着时间的推移，负担的减轻并没有持续。在 6 个月内可以影响负担的相关变量是护理员在基线时缺乏知识的感知和/或护理任务没有困难。可以在 12 个月时影响护理员负担过重的变量是在干预前生病。
这是首次证明家庭护理员特定培训的有效性：在培训完成后立即观察到感知负担减轻，但这种减轻在 6/12 个月时没有持续。实际的解释是可能需要进行补救/后续培训课程。是否难以提供护理或具有足够的知识和患病会影响自我护理的维持需要进一步验证。
