The Football Association, London, UNITED KINGDOM.
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 May 1;54(5):769-779. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002850. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
The purpose of this study is to quantify total daily energy expenditure (TEE) of international adult female soccer players.
Twenty-four professional players were studied during a 12-d period where they participated in an international training camp (also inclusive of two competitive games) representing the English national team. The TEE was assessed via the doubly labeled water method during the full 12 d as well as the initial 4-d period before game one. Energy intake was also assessed (via weighed food analysis) during the initial 4-d period to permit estimation of energy availability (EA).
Mean TEE did not differ (P = 0.31) between the 12-d (2693 ± 432 kcal·d-1; range, 2105-3507 kcal·d-1; 54 ± 6 kcal·kg-1 fat-free mass [FFM]) versus the 4-d assessment period (2753 ± 359 kcal·d-1; range, 1942-3280 kcal·d-1; 56 ± 8 kcal·kg-1 FFM). Mean 4-d energy intake was 1923 ± 357 kcal·d-1 (range, 1639-2172 kcal·d-1) and mean activity energy expenditure was 1069 ± 278 kcal·d-1 (range, 155-1549 kcal·d-1). When assessed for estimated EA, 88% of players were categorized with low EA status according to the threshold of <30 kcal·kg-1 FFM. Mean daily carbohydrate intake equated to 3.3 ± 0.7 g·kg-1 body mass.
When compared with previously published data from adult male players, we demonstrate that the relative daily energetic requirements of engaging in professional soccer training and match play are comparable between sexes. From a practical perspective, data suggest that practitioners should likely focus education and behavior change strategies on "fuelling" for match play and training to optimize both player health and performance.
本研究旨在量化国际成年女性足球运动员的每日总能量消耗（TEE）。
对 24 名职业球员进行了为期 12 天的研究，她们参加了英国国家队的国际训练营（还包括两场比赛）。在整个 12 天以及比赛前的前 4 天期间，通过双标记水法评估 TEE。在前 4 天期间还评估了能量摄入（通过称重食物分析），以估计能量可用性（EA）。
12 天的 TEE 平均值（2693 ± 432 kcal·d-1；范围，2105-3507 kcal·d-1；54 ± 6 kcal·kg-1 去脂体重 [FFM]）与 4 天评估期（2753 ± 359 kcal·d-1；范围，1942-3280 kcal·d-1；56 ± 8 kcal·kg-1 FFM）之间没有差异（P = 0.31）。平均 4 天的能量摄入量为 1923 ± 357 kcal·d-1（范围，1639-2172 kcal·d-1），活动能量消耗的平均值为 1069 ± 278 kcal·d-1（范围，155-1549 kcal·d-1）。根据 <30 kcal·kg-1 FFM 的阈值评估估计的 EA 时，88%的球员被归类为 EA 状态低。每日碳水化合物摄入量平均为 3.3 ± 0.7 g·kg-1 体重。
与之前发表的成年男性运动员数据相比，我们证明了从事职业足球训练和比赛的女性相对每日能量需求在性别之间是相当的。从实际的角度来看，数据表明从业者可能需要将教育和行为改变策略的重点放在比赛和训练的“燃料”上，以优化球员的健康和表现。
