Licheri Valentina, Brigman Jonathan L
Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2021 Dec 15;14:753537. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.753537. eCollection 2021.
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy disrupts the development of the brain and produces long lasting behavioral and cognitive impairments collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). FASDs are characterized by alterations in learning, working memory, social behavior and executive function. A large body of literature using preclinical prenatal alcohol exposure models reports alcohol-induced changes in architecture and activity in specific brain regions affecting cognition. While multiple putative mechanisms of alcohol's long-lasting effects on morphology and behavior have been investigated, an area that has received less attention is the effect of alcohol on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The embryo/fetal development represents a crucial period for Central Nervous System (CNS) development during which the cell-cell interaction plays an important role. CAMs play a critical role in neuronal migration and differentiation, synaptic organization and function which may be disrupted by alcohol. In this review, we summarize the physiological structure and role of CAMs involved in brain development, review the current literature on prenatal alcohol exposure effects on CAM function in different experimental models and pinpoint areas needed for future study to better understand how CAMs may mediate the morphological, sensory and behavioral outcomes in FASDs.
孕期饮酒会干扰大脑发育，并产生长期的行为和认知障碍，统称为胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASDs）。FASDs的特征是学习、工作记忆、社会行为和执行功能发生改变。大量使用临床前孕期酒精暴露模型的文献报道了酒精引起的特定脑区结构和活动变化，这些脑区影响认知。虽然已经研究了酒精对形态和行为产生长期影响的多种潜在机制，但酒精对细胞粘附分子（CAMs）的影响这一领域受到的关注较少。胚胎/胎儿发育是中枢神经系统（CNS）发育的关键时期，在此期间细胞间相互作用起着重要作用。CAMs在神经元迁移和分化、突触组织和功能中起关键作用，而这些过程可能会被酒精破坏。在这篇综述中，我们总结了参与大脑发育的CAMs的生理结构和作用，回顾了当前关于孕期酒精暴露对不同实验模型中CAM功能影响的文献，并指出未来研究需要关注的领域，以便更好地理解CAMs如何介导FASDs中的形态、感觉和行为结果。
