Ceto Steven, Courtine Grégoire
Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2021 Dec 16;14:803856. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.803856. eCollection 2021.
Biological and engineering strategies for neural repair and recovery from neurotrauma continue to emerge at a rapid pace. Until recently, studies of the impact of neurotrauma and repair strategies on the reorganization of the central nervous system have focused on broadly defined circuits and pathways. Optogenetic modulation and recording methods now enable the interrogation of precisely defined neuronal populations in the brain and spinal cord, allowing unprecedented precision in electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. This mini-review summarizes the spectrum of light-based tools that are currently available to probe the properties and functions of well-defined neuronal subpopulations in the context of neurotrauma. In particular, we highlight the challenges to implement these tools in damaged and reorganizing tissues, and we discuss best practices to overcome these obstacles.
用于神经修复和从神经创伤中恢复的生物学和工程学策略正迅速不断涌现。直到最近，关于神经创伤和修复策略对中枢神经系统重组影响的研究一直集中在广义定义的回路和通路。光遗传学调制和记录方法现在能够对大脑和脊髓中精确定义的神经元群体进行研究，从而在电生理和行为实验中实现前所未有的精确性。这篇小型综述总结了当前可用于在神经创伤背景下探究明确定义的神经元亚群特性和功能的基于光的工具范围。特别是，我们强调了在受损和正在重组的组织中应用这些工具所面临的挑战，并讨论了克服这些障碍的最佳实践方法。
