Grinevich Vladimir P, Krupitsky Evgeny M, Gainetdinov Raul R, Budygin Evgeny A
Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2021 Dec 16;15:795030. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.795030. eCollection 2021.
Using a variety of animal models that simulate key features of the alcohol use disorder (AUD), remarkable progress has been made in identifying neurochemical targets that may contribute to the development of alcohol addiction. In this search, the dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) systems have been long thought to play a leading role in comparison with other brain systems. However, just recent development and application of optogenetic approaches into the alcohol research field provided opportunity to identify neuronal circuits and specific patterns of neurotransmission that govern the key components of ethanol-addictive behaviors. This critical review summarizes earlier findings, which initially disclosed catecholamine substrates of ethanol actions in the brain and shows how the latest methodologies help us to reveal the significance of DA and NE release changes. Specifically, we focused on recent optogenetic investigations aimed to reveal cause-effect relationships between ethanol-drinking (seeking and taking) behaviors and catecholamine dynamics in distinct brain pathways. These studies gain the knowledge that is needed for the better understanding addiction mechanisms and, therefore, for development of more effective AUD treatments. Based on the reviewed findings, new messages for researches were indicated, which may have broad applications beyond the field of alcohol addiction.
利用各种模拟酒精使用障碍（AUD）关键特征的动物模型，在确定可能导致酒精成瘾的神经化学靶点方面取得了显著进展。在这项研究中，与其他脑系统相比，多巴胺（DA）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）系统长期以来一直被认为起着主导作用。然而，光遗传学方法最近在酒精研究领域的发展和应用为识别控制乙醇成瘾行为关键成分的神经回路和神经传递的特定模式提供了机会。这篇批判性综述总结了早期的研究结果，这些结果最初揭示了大脑中乙醇作用的儿茶酚胺底物，并展示了最新的方法如何帮助我们揭示DA和NE释放变化的重要性。具体来说，我们关注了最近的光遗传学研究，旨在揭示不同脑通路中乙醇饮用（寻求和摄取）行为与儿茶酚胺动态之间的因果关系。这些研究获得了更好地理解成瘾机制所需的知识，因此有助于开发更有效的AUD治疗方法。基于所综述的研究结果，指出了对研究的新启示，这些启示可能在酒精成瘾领域之外有广泛的应用。
