Baldion Paula Alejandra, Rodríguez Henry Oliveros, Guerrero Camilo Alejandro, Cruz Alberto Carlos, Betancourt Diego Enrique
Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Departamento de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Int J Dent. 2021 Dec 30;2021:7832672. doi: 10.1155/2021/7832672. eCollection 2021.
The health emergency declaration owing to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn attention toward nosocomial transmission. The transmission of the disease varies depending on the environmental conditions. Saliva is a recognized SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in infected individuals. Therefore, exposure to fluids during dental procedures leads to a high risk of contagion.
This study aimed to develop an infection risk prediction model for COVID-19 based on an analysis of the settlement of the aerosolized particles generated during dental procedures.
The settlement of aerosolized particles during dental aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) performed on phantoms was evaluated using colored saliva. The gravity-deposited particles were registered using a filter paper within the perimeter of the phantom head, and the settled particles were recorded in standardized photographs. Digital images were processed to analyze the stained area. A logistic regression model was built with the variables ventilation, distance from the mouth, instrument used, area of the mouth treated, and location within the perimeter area.
The largest percentage of the areas stained by settled particles ranged from 1 to 5 m. The maximum settlement range from the mouth of the phantom head was 320 cm, with a high-risk cutoff distance of 78 cm. Ventilation, distance, instrument used, area of the mouth being treated, and location within the perimeter showed association with the amount of settled particles. These variables were used for constructing a scale to determine the risk of exposure to settled particles in dentistry within an infection risk prediction model.
The greatest risk of particle settlement occurs at a distance up to 78 cm from the phantom mouth, with inadequate ventilation, and when working with a high-speed handpiece. The majority of the settled particles generated during the AGPs presented stained areas ranging from 1 to 5 m. This model was useful for predicting the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in dental practice.
由于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发的健康紧急声明已引起人们对医院内传播的关注。疾病的传播因环境条件而异。唾液是受感染个体中公认的SARS-CoV-2储存库。因此，在牙科手术过程中接触液体导致感染风险很高。
本研究旨在通过分析牙科手术过程中产生的雾化颗粒沉降情况，建立一种针对COVID-19的感染风险预测模型。
使用有色唾液评估在模型上进行牙科雾化产生程序（AGP）期间雾化颗粒的沉降情况。使用模型头部周边内的滤纸记录重力沉降颗粒，并在标准化照片中记录沉降颗粒。对数字图像进行处理以分析染色区域。建立了一个逻辑回归模型，其变量包括通风、与口腔的距离、使用的器械、治疗的口腔区域以及周边区域内的位置。
沉降颗粒染色区域的最大百分比范围为1至5米。模型头部口腔的最大沉降范围为320厘米，高风险截止距离为78厘米。通风、距离、使用的器械、治疗的口腔区域以及周边内的位置与沉降颗粒的数量相关。这些变量用于构建一个量表，以确定感染风险预测模型中牙科手术中接触沉降颗粒的风险。
在距离模型口腔78厘米以内、通风不足以及使用高速手机时，颗粒沉降的风险最大。AGP期间产生的大多数沉降颗粒的染色区域范围为1至5米。该模型有助于预测牙科实践中接触COVID-19的风险。
