Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba; Brazil.
Department of Pathology, Institute Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022;22(8):815-833. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220103114450.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting people globally. Usually developed during childhood, T1D is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells due to immune cell attack and the establishment of an inflammatory process.
The study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D through its nuclear receptor and the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through their lipid derivatives in T1D modulation. Both components exert anti-inflammatory activity and act directly on cells of the immune system, attenuating the destruction of insulin-producing cells. Furthermore, they lead to a better glycemic level, reducing the need for insulin and a normal immune state, such as C-peptide maintenance.
Presently, our review highlights the significant studies that evaluated the supplementation of vitamin D and ω-3 PUFAs in humans and animal models in the modulation of T1D.
The data collected suggests that supplementation can provide potential benefits, mainly when done early in the diagnosis, since it reduces the need for insulin and the risk of complications generated by the disease.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是一种影响全球人群的慢性自身免疫性疾病。通常在儿童时期发病，T1D 的特征是由于免疫细胞攻击导致胰岛 β 细胞破坏，并引发炎症过程。
本研究旨在探讨维生素 D 通过其核受体和 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）通过其脂质衍生物在 T1D 调节中的作用。这两种成分均具有抗炎活性，直接作用于免疫系统细胞，从而减轻胰岛素产生细胞的破坏。此外，它们还能改善血糖水平，减少胰岛素的需求，并维持正常的免疫状态，如 C 肽的维持。
目前，我们的综述重点强调了评估维生素 D 和 ω-3 PUFAs 在人类和动物模型中对 T1D 调节作用的重要研究。
收集的数据表明，补充剂可能提供潜在的益处，特别是在早期诊断时，因为它可以减少胰岛素的需求和疾病引起的并发症的风险。
