灾难准备和急诊护士的核心能力：一项横断面研究。
Disaster preparedness and core competencies among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
出版信息
Nurs Open. 2022 Mar;9(2):1294-1302. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1172. Epub 2022 Jan 5.
AIM
With the rise in frequency and severity of disasters in recent decades, it is essentially important that nurses must be adequately prepared to handle them. This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of disaster core competencies and preparedness of nurses in the emergency department.
DESIGN
A cross-sectional survey design was used.
METHODS
This cross-sectional research was conducted from August 2020 to December 2020 among 271 nurses in the emergency departments of six hospitals in Qazvin, Iran. The participants completed the "Nurses Perceptions of Disaster Core Competencies Scale" (NPDCC) (45 items) and the disaster preparedness (a single-item visual scale). Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance, independent t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
The mean scores of disaster preparedness and core competencies of nurses were 6.75 out of 10 (SD = 1.63) and 2.88 out of 5 (SD = 0.80), respectively. "Technical skills" (mean = 3.24, SD = 0.91) were the highest and "communication skills" (mean = 2.57, SD = 0.95) were the lowest across the subscales of the scale. A significant association was found between disaster core competencies and preparedness of nurses (p < .001). Regression analysis results indicated that nursing disaster core competencies were perceived betted by older nurses (B = -0.405) who had experience in the disaster stage (B = 0.228) and nurses with disaster response experience (B = 0.223) and lower professional experience (B = 0.309). Nurses with a postdiploma degree (B = -0.480) and bachelor's degree (B = -0.416) were perceived to have lower disaster core competency than nurses with a master's or PhD degree.
CONCLUSION
There are still gaps in disaster preparedness and core competencies for emergency nurses that need to be addressed. Nursing managers must support an improvement in nursing disaster core competencies. This may be done by conducting sessions for routine disaster scenarios and providing formal disaster preparedness training.
目的
近几十年来，灾害的发生频率和严重程度不断上升，护士必须做好充分准备以应对灾害，这一点至关重要。本研究旨在评估急诊科护士的灾害核心能力和应对准备水平。
设计
采用横断面调查设计。
方法
本横断面研究于 2020 年 8 月至 12 月在伊朗卡兹温市 6 家医院的急诊科对 271 名护士进行，参与者完成了“护士对灾害核心能力的感知量表”（NPDCC）（45 项）和灾害准备情况（单项视觉量表）。采用单因素方差分析、独立 t 检验和多元线性回归分析对数据进行分析。
结果
护士的灾害准备和核心能力平均得分为 10 分制的 6.75 分（SD = 1.63）和 5 分制的 2.88 分（SD = 0.80）。在量表的子量表中，“技术技能”（平均=3.24，SD=0.91）得分最高，“沟通技能”（平均=2.57，SD=0.95）得分最低。护士的灾害核心能力与准备情况之间存在显著相关性（p <.001）。回归分析结果表明，年龄较大（B = -0.405）、有灾害阶段经验（B = 0.228）和灾害应对经验（B = 0.223）的护士对护理灾害核心能力的感知较好，而专业经验较低（B = 0.309）。与拥有硕士或博士学位的护士相比，拥有大专学历（B = -0.480）和学士学位（B = -0.416）的护士对灾害核心能力的感知较低。
结论
急诊科护士在灾害准备和核心能力方面仍存在差距，需要加以解决。护理管理人员必须支持提高护理灾害核心能力。这可以通过为常规灾害情景举办课程和提供正式的灾害准备培训来实现。
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