Cockerill F R, Edson R S
Division of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1987 Oct;62(10):921-9. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65049-6.
The antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is indicated for most Nocardia asteroides infections. It is the antimicrobial agent of choice for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The drug is relatively nontoxic in patients who do not have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and it is available in oral and intravenous forms. The native compounds and the metabolites of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are excreted primarily in the urine. When the creatinine clearance decreases to less than 30 ml/min, the dosage of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be adjusted.
甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲恶唑的抗菌组合在体外对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有活性。临床上，它可用于治疗和预防泌尿生殖道的各种感染以及呼吸道和胃肠道的某些感染。甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑单独使用或与其他抗菌药物联合使用，适用于大多数星形诺卡菌感染。它是卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的首选抗菌药物。该药物在未患获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的患者中相对无毒，且有口服和静脉注射两种剂型。甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲恶唑的天然化合物及其代谢产物主要经尿液排泄。当肌酐清除率降至低于30 ml/min时，应调整甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑的剂量。
