Billings Joel M, Haddock C K, Jahnke S A
Department of Security and Emergency Services, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA.
Center for Fire, Rescue & EMS Health Research, NDRI-USA, Leawood, Kansas, USA.
Behav Sleep Med. 2023 Jan-Feb;21(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2021.2021912. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate intra-tour variation in total sleep time (TST) and sleep-wake cycle among US firefighters working the 24 hours on and 48 hours off shift schedule (24/48) and the 48 hours on and 96 hours off shift schedule (48/96).
Twenty-four firefighters were recruited for this sleep study and were evaluated over 18 days during a 24/48 shift schedule and again 6 months after firefighters transitioned to a 48/96 shift schedule. The primary outcome variables included TST, measured by actigraphy, and sleep-wake cycle (in-bed time and sleep offset) using the Emergency Services Sleep Diary.
Firefighters experienced intra-tour variations in TST and sleep offset. The least TST occurred at home prior to starting shift on the 24/48 and 48/96 schedules (5.80 hours and 5.66 hours, respectively). The second least TST occurred the night preceding shift end (5.84 hours and 5.81 hours, respectively). In contrast to in-bed time, sleep offset varied throughout the schedule and was found to correlate with TST. In addition, shift start/end time appears to be responsible for advanced sleep offset.
Results indicate that firefighters' sleep is complex and should not be reduced to singular averages. In both schedules, firefighters arrived at work with insufficient sleep, received insufficient sleep while on shift, and would commute home with insufficient sleep. These findings can inform future firefighter sleep research by accounting for intra-tour variations.
本文旨在调查按照24小时上班、48小时休息排班表（24/48）以及48小时上班、96小时休息排班表（48/96）工作的美国消防员在一个轮班周期内总睡眠时间（TST）和睡眠-清醒周期的变化情况。
招募了24名消防员参与这项睡眠研究，并在他们按照24/48排班表工作的18天内进行评估，在消防员转为48/96排班表工作6个月后再次进行评估。主要结局变量包括通过活动记录仪测量的TST，以及使用应急服务睡眠日记记录的睡眠-清醒周期（卧床时间和睡眠结束时间）。
消防员在一个轮班周期内TST和睡眠结束时间存在变化。在按照24/48和48/96排班表开始轮班前在家中的TST最少（分别为5.80小时和5.66小时）。第二少的TST出现在轮班结束前的晚上（分别为5.84小时和5.81小时）。与卧床时间不同，睡眠结束时间在整个排班表期间都有所变化，并且发现与TST相关。此外，轮班开始/结束时间似乎导致了睡眠结束时间提前。
结果表明，消防员的睡眠情况较为复杂，不应简单归结为单一的平均值。在这两种排班表下，消防员上班时睡眠不足，轮班期间睡眠不足，下班回家时也睡眠不足。这些发现通过考虑一个轮班周期内的变化情况，可为未来消防员睡眠研究提供参考。
