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一个能抵御大流行的卫生系统是什么样的?

What does a pandemic proof health system look like?

机构信息

Insel University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.

出版信息

Glob Health Action. 2021 Jan 1;14(1):1927315. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1927315.

DOI:10.1080/16549716.2021.1927315
PMID:34990337
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8274505/
Abstract

Switzerland is currently in a lockdown and other lockdowns are looming world-wide. Many countries in the West are now experiencing a third COVID-19 wave. While some scientists are aiming for Zero Covid, calls to learn to live with the virus are becoming prominent as anti-lockdown protests spread across Europe. A health system is defined as all organizations, institutions and resources that produce actions whose primary purpose is to improve health. A health care system on the other hand, is defined as institutions, people and resources involved in delivering health care to individuals. Many countries that have health systems previously thought to be world class, have also been tested, pushed to the edge and in some ways found wanting. The pandemic took all countries by some surprise and the discussion on appropriate national and global strategies is very diverse. Lessons from similar earlier outbreaks seem to suggest, that living and learning to live with the virus could be the way forward. Others argue that the virus is new, not like any other we have fought before, calling for novel ways of containing the virus. Irrespective of standpoint, being a high-, middle- or low-income country, pandemic fatigue is setting in, while new variants are being discovered. It is urgent and unprecedented. The pandemic is here and more pandemics are expected to follow. What does, 'living with the virus,' mean in practical terms? The purpose of this viewpoint is to stimulate debate on how we can move towards pandemic proof health care systems.

摘要

瑞士目前处于封锁状态,其他封锁措施也在全球范围内出现。西方许多国家目前正在经历第三波 COVID-19 疫情。虽然一些科学家的目标是实现零新冠,但随着反封锁抗议活动在欧洲蔓延,学会与病毒共存的呼声越来越高。卫生系统是指所有旨在改善健康的组织、机构和资源。另一方面,医疗保健系统是指为个人提供医疗保健的机构、人员和资源。许多以前被认为是世界级的卫生系统的国家也受到了考验,被逼到了边缘,在某些方面也不尽如人意。大流行让所有国家都感到有些意外,关于适当的国家和全球战略的讨论非常多样化。类似的早期疫情爆发的经验教训表明,与病毒共存并学会与之共存可能是前进的道路。另一些人则认为,这种病毒是新的,与我们以前对抗过的任何病毒都不同,因此需要新的方法来控制病毒。无论立场如何,高、中、低收入国家都出现了大流行疲劳,同时新的变异病毒也在不断被发现。情况紧急且前所未有。大流行已经在这里,预计还会有更多的大流行。那么,“与病毒共存”在实际意义上意味着什么呢?本观点的目的是激发关于如何使医疗保健系统能够应对大流行的辩论。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3a37/8274505/9999cc6d1de7/ZGHA_A_1927315_F0001_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3a37/8274505/9999cc6d1de7/ZGHA_A_1927315_F0001_OC.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3a37/8274505/9999cc6d1de7/ZGHA_A_1927315_F0001_OC.jpg

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BMC Med. 2021 Mar 5;19(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01945-2.
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Offline: The case for No-COVID.线下:反对新冠疫情的理由。
Lancet. 2021 Jan 30;397(10272):359. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00186-0.
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New pathogen, same disparities: why COVID-19 and HIV remain prevalent in U.S. communities of colour and implications for ending the HIV epidemic.
新病原体,同样的差距:为什么 COVID-19 和艾滋病毒在美国有色人种社区仍然流行,以及对终结艾滋病毒流行的影响。
J Int AIDS Soc. 2020 Nov;23(11):e25639. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25639.
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Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic.线下:新冠疫情并非大流行。 (此译文可能不符合准确逻辑,因为原句表述不符合客观事实,仅供按照要求翻译。实际新冠疫情是大流行。)
Lancet. 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):874. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6.
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Developing a new mid-level health worker: lessons from South Africa's experience with clinical associates.开发新的中级卫生工作者:南非临床助理经验教训。
Glob Health Action. 2013 Jan 24;6:19282. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.19282.