Ryss Alexander, Petrov Anatoly A
Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
J Nematol. 2022 Jan 4;53. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-107. eCollection 2021.
Male and female copulatory organs figure prominently in nematode taxonomy, but the associated musculature remains insufficiently explored. The aim of this study was therefore to further our knowledge of the musculature of the vulva and male copulatory organs in nematodes by using phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy to examine two nematode species, and sp. The musculature of the round vulva in sp. comprises three pairs of radial vulval dilators and another pair of dilators of the anterior inner vulval plate. This arrangement is similar to that of the Rhabditida, but in the anterior pair appears to have been transformed into the vulval plate muscles. The musculature of the slit-like vulva in includes dilators of the vulval lips and external vulval flap, constrictors of the vulval slit and posterior transverse muscle bands. The opposing pairs of vulval dilators show quadrilateral symmetry as observed in the Rhabditida, but the constrictors running along the rim of the vulva have no counterparts in other species. The musculature of the male copulatory organ in sp. comprises two pairs of spicule protractors and retractors and three pairs of gubernacular muscles. In , as in the other Aphelenchoididae, the gubernaculum is absent and there is one pair of spicule protractors and two pairs of muscles inserted on the saddle (angular bend) of the spicules. The arrangement of the spicule saddle muscles resembles those of the gubernaculum, which may indicate that in this family the gubernaculum has become fused to the spicules. The literature review of muscles of nematode copulatory organs are given in a table for 15 muscle groups; it can be used for phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of the order Rhabditida.
雄性和雌性交配器官在线虫分类学中占据重要地位，但相关的肌肉组织仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究的目的是通过使用鬼笔环肽染色和共聚焦显微镜检查两种线虫物种，即[物种名称1]和[物种名称2]，进一步了解线虫外阴和雄性交配器官的肌肉组织。[物种名称1]圆形外阴的肌肉组织包括三对放射状外阴扩张肌和另一对内前外阴板扩张肌。这种排列与小杆目相似，但在[物种名称1]中，前一对似乎已转化为外阴板肌肉。[物种名称2]中缝状外阴的肌肉组织包括外阴唇和外阴外瓣的扩张肌、外阴裂的收缩肌和后横向肌带。相对的外阴扩张肌对呈现出与小杆目中观察到的四边形对称，但沿着外阴边缘运行的收缩肌在其他物种中没有对应物。[物种名称1]雄性交配器官的肌肉组织包括两对交合刺伸出肌和缩回肌以及三对引带肌。在[物种名称2]中，与其他滑刃科一样，没有引带，有一对交合刺伸出肌和两对插入交合刺鞍部（角状弯曲）的肌肉。交合刺鞍部肌肉的排列类似于引带的排列，这可能表明在这个科中引带已与交合刺融合。线虫交配器官肌肉的文献综述以表格形式列出了15个肌肉群；它可用于小杆目的系统发育重建和分类。
