Laboratorio de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación Y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, 97310, Merida, Mexico.
Naturwissenschaften. 2022 Jan 7;109(1):12. doi: 10.1007/s00114-021-01783-5.
Cities are home to several species of pollinators that play an important role in the reproductive success of wild and cultivated plants that grow in these ecosystems and their surroundings. Pollution is a main driver of pollinator decline. Light and noise pollution are more intense in cities than in any other ecosystem. Although nocturnal pollinators are heavily exposed to these pollutants, their effect on bat pollination is still unknown. Our goal was to assess the effect of light and noise pollution on the main pollination components (pollinator visits, pollen transfer, pollen germination, fruit, and seed set) of the tropical tree, Ceiba pentandra, in a heavily urbanized ecosystem. We measured these components in sites with contrasting intensities of artificial light and anthropogenic noise and statistically assessed the direct and indirect effect of pollutants on pollination components using structural equation modeling. We found that noise and light pollution negatively affected the visits by the bats that pollinate C. pentandra. However, these negative effects did not affect posterior pollination components. In fact, the direct effect of light pollution on reproductive success was positive and greater than the indirect effects via pollinator visits. We suggest that illuminated trees may be able to sustain a large quantity of fruits and seeds because they produce more photosynthates due to greater light radiation and delayed leaf abscission. We conclude that, despite the negative effect of light and noise on pollinator visits, these pollutants did not significantly impact the reproductive success of C. pentandra.
城市是多种传粉媒介的家园，它们在这些生态系统及其周围生长的野生和栽培植物的繁殖成功中起着重要作用。污染是传粉媒介减少的主要驱动因素。光污染和噪声污染在城市比在任何其他生态系统都更为强烈。尽管夜间传粉媒介受到这些污染物的严重暴露，但它们对蝙蝠传粉的影响仍然未知。我们的目标是评估光污染和噪声污染对热带树木 Ceiba pentandra 的主要传粉成分（传粉者访问、花粉转移、花粉萌发、果实和种子设置）的影响，该树木生长在一个高度城市化的生态系统中。我们在具有不同人工光和人为噪声强度的地点测量了这些成分，并使用结构方程模型统计评估了污染物对传粉成分的直接和间接影响。我们发现，噪声和光污染会对为 Ceiba pentandra 授粉的蝙蝠的访问产生负面影响。然而，这些负面影响并未影响后续的传粉成分。事实上，光污染对繁殖成功的直接影响是积极的，并且大于通过传粉者访问的间接影响。我们认为，受光照的树木可能能够维持大量的果实和种子，因为它们由于光辐射增加和叶子延迟脱落而产生更多的光合产物。我们得出结论，尽管光和噪声对传粉者访问有负面影响，但这些污染物并没有显著影响 Ceiba pentandra 的繁殖成功。
