Coexistence of virulence and β-lactamase genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Emergence of multidrug resistance in E. coli and advent of newer strains is becoming serious concern which requires keen observations. This study was designed to find the ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli isolates co-existed with multi-drug resistance along with β-lactamase production from poultry source, and finally the genome sequencing of these strains to explore genetic variations. Study constituted on isolation of n = 225 E. coli from broiler farms of central China which were further subjected to identification of resistance against ciprofloxacin followed by antibiogram of n = 26 antibiotics and identification of β-lactamase production. Whole genome resequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 4000 system. PCR results revealed predominant β-lactamase genes i.e.CTX-M, CTX-M-1, CTX-M3, TEM-1 and OXA. Furthermore, the MDR isolates were containing most of the tested virulence genes. The most prevalent virulence genes were pap-C, fim-C, fim-H, iuc-D, irp-2, tra-T, iro-N and iut-A. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci mentioned in this data give valuable genetic markers to growing high-throughput techniques for fine-determination of genotyping of MDR and virulent isolates. Characterization of SNPs on functional basis shed new bits of knowledge on the evolution, disease transmission and pathogenesis of MDR E. coli isolates. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that most of poultry E. coli are MDR, β-lactamase producers, and virulent which could be a zoonotic threat to the humans. The whole genome resequencing data provide higher resolution of resistance and virulence characteristics in E. coli which can further be used for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.