Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National Universtiy and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Oral Dis. 2022 Nov;28 Suppl 2:2456-2464. doi: 10.1111/odi.14126. Epub 2022 Jan 23.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the host cells depends on the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the distribution of ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing cells in various oral tissues to identify the underlying mechanism of oral manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
We analyzed the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral mucosa (tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa), trigeminal ganglion, vessels, and salivary glands of 9 Sprague-Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were strongly expressed in the intermediate layer of the squamous epithelia of tongue papillae and buccal mucosa. ACE2- and TMPRSS2-positive cells were observed in the taste buds of the tongue. Additionally, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were co-expressed in the ductal epithelium and acinar cells of salivary glands. Furthermore, both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were stained in the neuronal cell body of trigeminal ganglia, but not in Schwann cells. Moreover, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in capillaries, but not in venules/arterioles.
SARS-CoV-2 can spread the suprabasal area of squamous epithelia of the oral mucosa, invades taste bud, trigeminal nerve, parotid gland, and microvessel, resulting in oral manifestations.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）进入宿主细胞依赖于血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）和跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶 2（TMPRSS2）的表达。我们研究了 ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 表达细胞在各种口腔组织中的分布，以确定 2019 年冠状病毒病患者口腔表现的潜在机制。
我们使用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光法分析了 9 只 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠口腔黏膜（舌、腭和颊黏膜）、三叉神经节、血管和唾液腺中 ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 的表达模式。
ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 在舌乳头和颊黏膜的鳞状上皮中间层强烈表达。在舌的味蕾中观察到 ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 阳性细胞。此外，ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 在唾液腺的导管上皮和腺泡细胞中共同表达。此外，三叉神经节的神经元细胞体中染色 ACE2 和 TMPRSS2，但 Schwann 细胞中没有染色。此外，ACE2 和 TMPRSS2 表达在毛细血管中，但不在小静脉/小动脉中。
SARS-CoV-2 可以在口腔黏膜的鳞状上皮的基底层上方传播，侵犯味蕾、三叉神经、腮腺和微血管，导致口腔表现。
