Du Xin-Zhu, Wen Bin, Liu Lin, Wei Ying-Ting, Zhao Kui
Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China.
World J Clin Cases. 2021 Dec 6;9(34):10438-10450. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10438.
A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours, and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body. Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the activity of T cells, NK cells, macrophages and other immune cells through various ways, and change the expression of their own surface antigens so as to avoid the clearance of the immune system. Changes in major histocompatibility complex molecules, high expression of programmed death-ligand 1, and the presence of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are main means by which tumors impair the function of immune cells. During the development of tumours of the digestive system, different mechanisms acting on tumour cells, the TME, and immune cells lead to immune escape and promote tumour progression. In this paper, the mechanisms of immune escape in tumour cells of the digestive system are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours.
免疫细胞与肿瘤细胞之间的平衡是对抗肿瘤的关键，而免疫逃逸是肿瘤细胞在体内存活的重要机制。肿瘤细胞及其细胞因子通过多种方式损害T细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的活性，并改变自身表面抗原的表达，从而逃避免疫系统的清除。主要组织相容性复合体分子的变化、程序性死亡配体1的高表达以及肿瘤微环境（TME）中免疫抑制细胞的存在是肿瘤损害免疫细胞功能的主要手段。在消化系统肿瘤的发生发展过程中，作用于肿瘤细胞、TME和免疫细胞的不同机制导致免疫逃逸并促进肿瘤进展。本文综述了消化系统肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸的机制，为胃肠道肿瘤的免疫治疗提供理论依据。
