Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell Immunol. 2021 Mar;361:104295. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104295. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (75-85%) and cholangiocarcinoma (10-15%) account for the majority of primary liver malignancies. Patients with primary liver cancer are often diagnosed with unresectable diseases and do not respond well to current therapies. The liver is also a common site of metastasis. Liver metastasis is difficult to treat, and the prognosis is poor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive activity. MDSCs are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression through various mechanisms. MDSCs expand in both liver cancer patients and mouse liver cancer models. Importantly, MDSCs correlate with poor clinical outcomes for liver cancer patients. The tumor-promoting functions of MDSCs have also been shown in mouse liver cancer models. All these studies suggest that targeting MDSCs can potentially benefit liver cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current findings of MDSC regulation in liver cancer and related disease conditions.
肝癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。肝细胞癌（75-85%）和胆管癌（10-15%）占原发性肝癌的大多数。原发性肝癌患者常被诊断为不可切除的疾病，且对现有治疗方法反应不佳。肝脏也是转移的常见部位。肝转移难以治疗，预后不良。髓系来源的抑制细胞（MDSCs）是具有免疫抑制活性的异质性未成熟髓系细胞群体。MDSCs 是肿瘤微环境的重要组成部分，通过多种机制促进肿瘤进展。MDSCs 在肝癌患者和小鼠肝癌模型中均扩增。重要的是，MDSCs 与肝癌患者的不良临床结局相关。在小鼠肝癌模型中也显示了 MDSC 的促肿瘤功能。所有这些研究表明，针对 MDSC 可能有益于肝癌的治疗。本综述总结了 MDSC 调节在肝癌及相关疾病中的最新发现。
