Şükrü Çekiç, Yakup Canıtez, Fatih Çiçek, Gökhan Ocakoğlu, Nihat Sapan
Division of Pediatric Allergy, Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
Department of Biostatistics, Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
Turk Arch Pediatr. 2021 Jul 1;56(4):374-379. doi: 10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2021.20133. eCollection 2021 Jul.
The protective effect of allergen immunotherapy against a new allergic sensitization is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of allergen immunotherapy on new allergic sensitization in children.
The study included 50 patients who received immunotherapy for at least 3 years, and whose skin prick tests were repeated at intervals of at least 3 years (31 patients for house dust mite immunotherapy, 19 patients for pollen immunotherapy), and 69 controls with similar characteristics.
The number of patients who developed a new sensitization was similar both in the groups of patients who received house dust mite and pollen immunotherapy, and the control group. There was no significant difference between the first and last skin prick tests of the patients who received house dust mite and pollen immunotherapy; however, in the control groups, a significant increase in sensitivity to tree pollens ( = 2, 5.4%; = 8, 21.6%) and weed pollens ( = 7, 26.9%; = 14, 53.8%) was detected ( = .031 and = .039). While allergen sensitivities in the first tests of the pollen immunotherapy group and the control group were similar, weed pollen sensitivity was significantly higher in the last tests of the control group ( = 14, 53.8%; = 4, 21.1%, = .027). It was determined that the presence of weed pollen sensitization (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.5-42.4) and having asthma (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.3-10.8) increases the risk of new sensitization in all groups.
Allergen immunotherapy has been found to protect against new sensitization to tree and weed pollens. However, this effect was insignificant in the multivariate analysis. Weed pollen sensitization and the presence of asthma are related to the development of new sensitization.
变应原免疫疗法对新的变应性致敏的保护作用存在争议。本研究旨在调查变应原免疫疗法对儿童新的变应性致敏的影响。
本研究纳入了50例接受免疫疗法至少3年且每隔至少3年重复进行皮肤点刺试验的患者（31例接受屋尘螨免疫疗法，19例接受花粉免疫疗法），以及69例具有相似特征的对照组。
接受屋尘螨和花粉免疫疗法的患者组与对照组中出现新致敏的患者数量相似。接受屋尘螨和花粉免疫疗法的患者首次和末次皮肤点刺试验之间无显著差异；然而，在对照组中，检测到对树花粉（=2，5.4%；=8，21.6%）和杂草花粉（=7，26.9%；=14，53.8%）的敏感性显著增加（=0.031和=0.039）。虽然花粉免疫疗法组和对照组首次试验中的变应原敏感性相似，但对照组末次试验中的杂草花粉敏感性显著更高（=14，53.8%；=4，21.1%，=0.027）。确定杂草花粉致敏（比值比：8.1，95%可信区间：1.5 - 42.4）和患有哮喘（比值比：3.5，95%可信区间：1.3 - 10.8）会增加所有组中新致敏的风险。
已发现变应原免疫疗法可预防对树花粉和杂草花粉的新致敏。然而，在多变量分析中这种效果不显著。杂草花粉致敏和哮喘的存在与新致敏的发生有关。
