Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan University of Agricultural, PO Box, 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran.
Agrotechnology Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Jan 10;194(2):78. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-09753-8.
Healthy agroecosystems provide a range of ecosystem services, and the lack of information about the importance of their health degree leads to the unsustainability of these agroecosystems. To assess the health status of agroecosystems, a model was developed using spatial analysis-based procedures in Geographic Information System (GIS) media, surveyed data, and field monitoring at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Initially, a survey-based study was conducted in 50 barley fields of Bandar-e-Torkaman County, north of Iran, during the 2016-2017 years. Then, the health index maps were provided by spatial analysis-based functions in GIS media. For accurate estimation of health status in barley agroecosystems, some meteorological variables were layered. Finally, the health status of the agroecosystems was determined based on six indices, including pesticides consumption rate, chemical fertilizers consumption rate, crop yield, and cultivar type, soil organic matter, and biodiversity indices. When all the layers overlaid, only 12% of the surveyed agroecosystems were located in the healthy class. The use of proper tillage methods, the appropriate weed control operations, the optimum consumption of high-quality pesticides, high soil organic matter, and grain yield > 2.6 ton ha were the main reasons for obtaining of health degree in these agroecosystems. In contrast, the consumption of low-quality pesticides, the use of inappropriate tillage tools and machinery, the little knowledge of the farmers about the optimum rates and consumption methods of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and resistance of some weeds to herbicides were identified as the most essential reasons for non-health status in the most surveyed barley agroecosystems.
健康的农业生态系统提供了一系列生态系统服务，而缺乏有关其健康程度重要性的信息，导致这些农业生态系统不可持续。为了评估农业生态系统的健康状况，我们在伊朗北部的戈尔甘农业科学和自然资源大学使用基于空间分析的程序、调查数据和实地监测，在地理信息系统（GIS）媒体中开发了一个模型。最初，我们在 2016-2017 年期间对 Bandar-e-Torkaman 县的 50 个大麦田进行了基于调查的研究。然后，我们通过 GIS 媒体中的空间分析功能提供了健康指数图。为了准确估计大麦农业生态系统的健康状况，我们分层了一些气象变量。最后，我们根据包括农药使用率、化肥使用率、作物产量、品种类型、土壤有机质和生物多样性指数在内的六个指标来确定农业生态系统的健康状况。当所有的图层叠加在一起时，只有 12%的调查农业生态系统处于健康状态。采用适当的耕作方法、适当的杂草控制作业、优质农药的最佳使用、高土壤有机质和产量超过 2.6 吨/公顷是这些农业生态系统获得健康程度的主要原因。相比之下，低质量农药的使用、不适当的耕作工具和机械的使用、农民对农药和化肥最佳用量和使用方法的了解甚少以及一些杂草对除草剂的抗性是导致大多数被调查的大麦农业生态系统处于不健康状态的最根本原因。
