Human x human hybridomas from patients with myasthenia gravis: possible tools for idiotypic therapy for myasthenia.

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor have been developed from rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and from a patient with myasthenia gravis. Rat monoclonal antibodies were characterized by their ability to bind to electroblotted acetylcholine receptor subunits. Of 34 tested, 22 bound to the alpha subunit. Three bound to other subunits, and the remainder appeared to bind only to the native molecule. The human monoclonal antibodies were analyzed with respect to their binding to membrane-bound and solubilized acetylcholine receptor. Many bound with greater affinity to the membrane-bound form of the antigen. Two rat monoclonal antibodies capable of passively transferring experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and with reactivities to the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor, were employed to produce isogeneic monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies. When they were injected prior to immunization with acetylcholine receptor, two of the antiidiotypic antibodies directed against framework determinants prevented the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. This observation raises the possibility that the human monoclonal antibodies will be useful in the development of idiotypic treatment of the human disease.