Preparation and characterization of tranexamic acid modified porous starch and its application as a hemostatic agent.

Effective bleeding control is essential for the reduction of traumatic deaths among civilians and military personnel, particularly for physical visceral and arteriovenous injuries. Materials with good hemostatic properties have recently attracted significant scientific attention. In this study, a novel material of tranexamic acid modified porous starch (TAMPS) was produced through esterification. The structure of the final product was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The hemostatic effect of TAMPS was preliminarily analyzed via in vitro clotting time, mouse tail amputation model and liver injury model experiments. Hemostatic effect of TAMPS was found to be significantly better than that of the positive control Quickclean. Through the exploration of related hemostatic mechanisms, TAMPS can promote coagulation via rapid fluid absorption and high erythrocyte aggregation capacity. The in vitro cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and hemolysis tests revealed that TAMPS is safe and nontoxic and has perfect blood compatibility. Therefore, the TAMPS has a great potential for future clinical application as a rapid and multitarget hemostatic material.