Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Bioresour Technol. 2022 Mar;347:126687. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126687. Epub 2022 Jan 8.
Thermal co-processing of lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass, such as algae and shellfish waste, has shown synergistic effects in producing value-added energy products with higher process efficiency than the traditional method, highlighting the importance of scaling up to pilot-scale operations. This article discusses the design and operation of pilot-scale reactors for torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, as well as the key parameters of co-processing biomass into targeted and improved quality products for use as fuel, agricultural application, and environmental remediation. Techno-economic analysis reveals that end product selling price, market dynamics, government policies, and biomass cost are crucial factors influencing the sustainability of thermal co-processing as a feasible approach to utilize the biomass. Because of its simplicity, pyrolysis allows greater energy recovery, while gasification has the highest net present value (profitability). Integration of liquefaction, hydrothermal, and fermentation pre-treatment technology has the potential to increase energy efficiency while reducing process residues.
木质纤维素和水生生物质（如藻类和贝类废物）的热共处理在生产附加值能源产品方面显示出协同效应，其工艺效率高于传统方法，这凸显了将其扩大到中试规模运行的重要性。本文讨论了用于干馏、热解和气化的中试规模反应器的设计和运行，以及将生物质共处理成目标和改进质量产品的关键参数，这些产品可用作燃料、农业应用和环境修复。技术经济分析表明，最终产品销售价格、市场动态、政府政策和生物质成本是影响热共处理可持续性的关键因素，热共处理是利用生物质的一种可行方法。由于热解简单，因此可以实现更大的能量回收，而气化的净现值（盈利能力）最高。液化、水热和发酵预处理技术的集成有可能提高能源效率，同时减少工艺残渣。
