Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Apr 5;427:128188. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128188. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Source-apportioned particle concentrations are necessary to properly evaluate the health impacts of air pollution. In this study, a measurement station was established at an urban roadside in northern Taiwan to the investigate lung deposited surface area (LDSA) concentration, a relevant metric for the adverse health effects of aerosol exposure, along with PM and equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations, particle number concentration (PNC), and particle size distribution (PSD). Through positive matrix factorization and multi-linear regression analysis, we attributed 57% of LDSA to traffic emissions over the entire study. During rush hour, the motorcycle fraction increased to 0.83 and LDSA (77.6 ± 9.9 µm/cm) and PNC (14,000 ± 2400 particles/cm) values peaked, while 74% of LDSA was attributed to traffic. The LDSA ratio, defined as the ratio of measured LDSA to that estimated from the particle size distribution with a spherical assumption, also increased, highlighting the greater degree of fractal morphology during rush hour. The relationship between LDSA emitted by traffic and PNC yielded a higher r (0.92) than the r between traffic LDSA and eBC (0.82). Finally, the excess lifetime cancer risk linked with traffic emission was 1.56 × 10 (i.e. 15.6 excess cancer cases for a population of 100,000 people) based on the LDSA apportionment results.
为了正确评估空气污染对健康的影响，需要对源分配的颗粒物浓度进行评估。在这项研究中，在台湾北部的一个城市路边建立了一个测量站，以调查肺沉积表面积（LDSA）浓度，这是衡量气溶胶暴露对健康不良影响的一个相关指标，同时还测量了 PM 和等效黑碳（eBC）浓度、颗粒物数浓度（PNC）和颗粒物粒径分布（PSD）。通过正矩阵因子分解和多元线性回归分析，我们发现整个研究中 57%的 LDSA 归因于交通排放。在交通高峰期，摩托车的比例增加到 0.83，LDSA（77.6±9.9µm/cm）和 PNC（14000±2400 个/cm）值达到峰值，而 74%的 LDSA 归因于交通。LDSA 比，定义为实测 LDSA 与假设为球形的粒径分布估算的 LDSA 之比，也有所增加，这突出了交通高峰期颗粒分形形态的程度更大。交通排放的 LDSA 与 PNC 之间的关系比交通 LDSA 与 eBC（0.82）之间的关系具有更高的 r（0.92）。最后，根据 LDSA 分配结果，与交通排放相关的超额终生癌症风险为 1.56×10（即 10 万人中有 15.6 例额外癌症病例）。
