Patuleia Susana I S, Suijkerbuijk Karijn P M, van der Wall Elsken, van Diest Paul J, Moelans Cathy B
Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 29;14(1):159. doi: 10.3390/cancers14010159.
Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) is an intraductal mammary fluid that, because of its close proximity to and origin from the tissue from which breast cancer originates, is a promising source of biomarkers for early breast cancer detection. NAF can be non-invasively acquired via the nipple by aspiration using a suction device; using oxytocin nasal spray helps increase yield and tolerability. The aspiration procedure is generally experienced as more tolerable than the currently used breast imaging techniques mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging. Future applications of NAF-derived biomarkers include their use as a tool in the detection of breast carcinogenesis at its earliest stage (before a tumor mass can be seen by imaging), or as a supporting diagnostic tool for imaging, such as when imaging is less reliable (to rule out false positives from imaging) or when imaging is not advisable (such as during pregnancy and breastfeeding). Ongoing clinical studies using NAF samples will likely shed light on NAF's content and clinical potential. Here, we present a narrative review and perspectives of NAF research at a glance.
乳头抽吸液（NAF）是一种导管内乳腺液，由于其与乳腺癌起源组织的紧密 proximity 和起源关系，是早期乳腺癌检测中很有前景的生物标志物来源。NAF 可以通过使用抽吸装置经乳头非侵入性获取；使用催产素鼻喷雾剂有助于提高产量和耐受性。抽吸过程通常比目前使用的乳腺成像技术（乳房 X 光检查和乳腺磁共振成像）更易于耐受。NAF 衍生生物标志物的未来应用包括将其用作在最早阶段（在影像学上可看到肿瘤肿块之前）检测乳腺致癌作用的工具，或用作影像学的辅助诊断工具，例如当影像学不太可靠时（排除影像学的假阳性）或当影像学不可取时（例如在怀孕和哺乳期间）。正在进行的使用 NAF 样本的临床研究可能会揭示 NAF 的成分和临床潜力。在此，我们简要介绍 NAF 研究的叙述性综述和观点。
