Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Club of Young Hypertensiologists, Polish Society of Hypertension, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 24;23(1):193. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010193.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, represent a significant cause of premature death worldwide. Biomarkers, the evaluation of which would allow the detection of ASCVD at the earliest stage of development, are intensively sought. Moreover, from a clinical point of view, a valuable biomarker should also enable the assessment of the patient's prognosis. It has been known for many years that the concentration of fibrinogen in plasma increases, inter alia, in patients with ASCVD. On the one hand, an increased plasma fibrinogen concentration may be the cause of the development of atherosclerotic lesions (increased risk of atherothrombosis); on the other hand, it may be a biomarker of ASCVD, as it is an acute phase protein. In addition, a number of genetic polymorphisms and post-translational modifications of fibrinogen were demonstrated that may contribute to the risk of ASCVD. This review summarizes the current data on the importance of fibrinogen as a biomarker of ASCVD, and also presents the relationship between molecular modifications of this protein in the context of ASCVD.
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD），包括冠状动脉疾病、脑血管疾病和外周动脉疾病，是全球范围内导致过早死亡的主要原因。目前正在积极寻找生物标志物，通过评估这些标志物可以在 ASCVD 发展的最早阶段进行检测。此外，从临床角度来看，有价值的生物标志物还应能够评估患者的预后。多年来人们已经知道，血浆中纤维蛋白原的浓度会升高，特别是在 ASCVD 患者中。一方面，血浆纤维蛋白原浓度的增加可能是动脉粥样硬化病变发展的原因（增加动脉血栓形成的风险）；另一方面，它也可能是 ASCVD 的生物标志物，因为它是一种急性时相蛋白。此外，还证明了纤维蛋白原的一些遗传多态性和翻译后修饰可能导致 ASCVD 的风险增加。本综述总结了纤维蛋白原作为 ASCVD 生物标志物的重要性的现有数据，还介绍了该蛋白在 ASCVD 背景下的分子修饰之间的关系。
