School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 15159, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Clinical Haematology Referral Laboratory, Haematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang 68000, Selangor, Malaysia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 27;23(1):258. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010258.
Hitherto, no data describing the heterogeneity of genetic profiles and risk stratifications of adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Southeast Asia are reported. This study assessed genetic profiles, Moorman's hierarchical classification, and ELN 2017-based risk stratifications in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity in Malaysian adult AML patients. A total of 854 AML patients: male (52%), female (48%) were recruited comprising three main ethnic groups: Malays (59%), Chinese (32%) and Indians (8%). Of 307 patients with abnormal karyotypes: 36% exhibited translocations; 10% deletions and 5% trisomies. The commonest genotype was FLT3-ITD-NPM1wt (276/414; 66.7%). ELN 2017 risk stratification was performed on 494 patients, and 41% were classified as favourable, 39% as intermediate and 20% as adverse groups. More females (47%) were in the favourable risk group compared to males (37%), whereas adverse risk was higher in patients above 60 (24%) of age compared to below 60 (18%) patients. We observed heterogeneity in the distribution of genetic profiles and risk stratifications between the age groups and gender, but not among the ethnic groups. Our study elucidated the diversity of adult AML genetic profiles between Southeast Asians and other regions worldwide.
迄今为止，尚无关于东南亚成人急性髓系白血病（AML）遗传特征和风险分层异质性的数据报道。本研究评估了马来西亚成人 AML 患者的遗传特征、Moorman 分层分类和基于 ELN 2017 的风险分层与年龄、性别和种族的关系。共纳入 854 例 AML 患者：男性（52%），女性（48%），包括三个主要种族群体：马来人（59%）、华人（32%）和印度人（8%）。在 307 例核型异常的患者中：36%表现为易位；10%缺失和 5%三体。最常见的基因型是 FLT3-ITD-NPM1wt（276/414；66.7%）。对 494 例患者进行了 ELN 2017 风险分层，其中 41%为低危，39%为中危，20%为高危。与男性（37%）相比，更多的女性（47%）处于低危风险组，而年龄大于 60 岁（24%）的患者的高危风险高于年龄小于 60 岁（18%）的患者。我们观察到遗传特征和风险分层在年龄组和性别之间存在分布异质性，但在种族之间没有差异。我们的研究阐明了东南亚地区与世界其他地区成人 AML 遗传特征的多样性。
