Mandalari Giuseppina, Barreca Davide, Gervasi Teresa, Roussell Michael A, Klein Bob, Feeney Mary Jo, Carughi Arianna
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 22;11(1):18. doi: 10.3390/plants11010018.
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts ( L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.
流行病学和临床研究表明，食用坚果具有积极的健康效果。在此，我们综述了开心果（ Pistacia vera L.）的生产、营养成分、植物化学成分以及关于其健康益处的最新研究趋势。开心果富含蛋白质、纤维、单不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质和维生素，以及类胡萝卜素、酚酸、黄酮类化合物和花青素。开心果中的多酚是抗氧化和抗炎作用的重要贡献者，这已通过动物研究和临床试验在体外和体内得到证实。开心果多酚的抗菌和抗病毒潜力也已得到评估，可能有助于克服耐药性。食用开心果可能对认知功能有作用，并与人类肠道微生物群的正向调节以及对皮肤健康的有益影响有关。开心果多酚提取物可能会影响参与葡萄糖调节的酶，从而对2型糖尿病产生影响。综上所述，这些数据证明了将开心果纳入饮食的健康益处。需要进一步研究来探究其中涉及的机制。
