Laus Maura Nicoletta, De Santis Michele Andrea, Flagella Zina, Soccio Mario
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 29;11(1):98. doi: 10.3390/plants11010098.
Durum wheat is one of the most commonly cultivated species in the world and represents a key commodity for many areas worldwide, as its grain is used for production of many foods, such as pasta, bread, couscous, and bourghul. Durum wheat grain has a relevant role in the human diet, providing carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibres, vitamins, and minerals, as well as highly valued bioactive compounds contributing to a healthy diet. Durum wheat is largely cultivated in the Mediterranean basin, where it is mainly grown under rain-fed conditions, thus currently undergoing drought stress, as well as soil salinity, which can hamper yield potential and influence the qualitative characteristics of grain. When plants suffer drought and/or salinity stress, a condition known as hyperosmotic stress is established at cellular level. This leads to the accumulation of ROS thus generating in turn an oxidative stress condition, which can ultimately result in the impairment of cellular integrity and functionality. To counteract oxidative damage due to excessive ROS production under stress, plants have evolved a complex array of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, working jointly and synergically for maintenance of ROS homeostasis. Enhancement of antioxidant defence system has been demonstrated as an adaptive mechanism associated to an increased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress. In the light of these considerations, this review provides a concise overview on recent advancements regarding the role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases) in durum wheat response to drought and salt stresses that are expected to become more and more frequent due to the ongoing climate changes.
硬粒小麦是世界上种植最广泛的品种之一，是全球许多地区的关键商品，因为其谷粒用于生产许多食品，如意大利面、面包、蒸粗麦粉和碎粒小麦。硬粒小麦谷粒在人类饮食中具有重要作用，提供碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂质、纤维、维生素和矿物质，以及对健康饮食有重要价值的生物活性化合物。硬粒小麦主要在地中海盆地种植，在那里主要靠雨水灌溉生长，因此目前正遭受干旱胁迫以及土壤盐碱化，这会阻碍产量潜力并影响谷粒的品质特性。当植物遭受干旱和/或盐碱胁迫时，细胞水平会出现一种称为高渗胁迫的状况。这会导致活性氧（ROS）的积累，进而产生氧化应激状况，最终可能导致细胞完整性和功能受损。为了对抗胁迫下因过量产生ROS而造成的氧化损伤，植物进化出了一系列复杂的酶促和非酶促抗氧化机制，它们共同协同作用以维持ROS的稳态。增强抗氧化防御系统已被证明是一种与提高对高渗胁迫耐受性相关的适应性机制。鉴于这些考虑因素，本综述简要概述了抗坏血酸 - 谷胱甘肽循环和主要抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶）在硬粒小麦应对干旱和盐胁迫中的作用的最新进展，由于持续的气候变化，这些胁迫预计会越来越频繁。
