Chavali S R, Francis T, Campbell J B
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Immunopharmacol. 1987;9(6):675-83. doi: 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90038-5.
The in vitro immunomodulatory activities of a number of saponins (crude Quillaja saponin, Quillayanin, Quil-A and glycyrrhizic acid) are described. Addition of these saponin preparations to mouse spleen cell cultures resulted in significant cell proliferation. B-cells were induced to proliferate in the presence of the crude saponin, and T-cells in the presence of Quil-A. On the other hand, Quillayanin and glycyrrhizic acid stimulated both T- and B-lymphocytes equally. The selective proliferation of subtypes of lymphocytes correlated with restimulation responses by polyclonal mitogens. Pretreatment by lymphocytes with crude saponins induced significant T-cell responses to PHA and Con A, and to T-independent B-cell stimulation by LPS. Pulse exposure of spleen cells to Quil-A resulted in enhanced cell proliferation when restimulated with PHA, Con A and PWM. In comparison, similar exposure of lymphocytes to Quillayanin or glycyrrhizic acid produced markedly increased responses to PHA, Con A, PWM and LPS. Incubation of lymphocytes in the presence of Quillaja saponins and Quillayanin caused effector cell generation as determined in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. In the case of lymphocytes cultured in the presence of crude saponins or glycyrrhizic acid, the supernatants contained active soluble factors. This was demonstrated by the observation that the addition of supernatants to spleen cell cultures induced spontaneous cell proliferation, and also amplified their responses to a suboptimal dose of PHA. The experimental data suggest that different components in the Quillaja saponin preparations may have selective effects on various subtypes of cell populations. Glycyrrhizic acid has the most profound immunomodulatory activity in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
描述了多种皂苷（粗制皂树皂苷、皂树皂苷元、Quil-A和甘草酸）的体外免疫调节活性。将这些皂苷制剂添加到小鼠脾细胞培养物中会导致显著的细胞增殖。在粗制皂苷存在下B细胞被诱导增殖，在Quil-A存在下T细胞被诱导增殖。另一方面，皂树皂苷元和甘草酸对T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的刺激作用相同。淋巴细胞亚型的选择性增殖与多克隆有丝分裂原的再刺激反应相关。用粗制皂苷预处理淋巴细胞可诱导其对PHA和Con A产生显著的T细胞反应，以及对LPS介导的非T细胞依赖性B细胞刺激产生反应。脾细胞用Quil-A进行脉冲暴露后，在用PHA、Con A和PWM再次刺激时细胞增殖增强。相比之下，淋巴细胞对皂树皂苷元或甘草酸进行类似暴露后，对PHA、Con A、PWM和LPS的反应显著增强。在单向混合淋巴细胞反应中测定发现，在皂树皂苷和皂树皂苷元存在下培养淋巴细胞会产生效应细胞。对于在粗制皂苷或甘草酸存在下培养的淋巴细胞，其培养上清液中含有活性可溶性因子。这一点可通过以下观察结果得到证明：将上清液添加到脾细胞培养物中会诱导自发细胞增殖，并且还会增强它们对次优剂量PHA 的反应。实验数据表明，皂树皂苷制剂中的不同成分可能对各种细胞群体亚型具有选择性作用。甘草酸在体外具有最显著的免疫调节活性。（摘要截短于250字）
