Landi Giovanni, La Notte Luca, Palma Alessandro Lorenzo, Sorrentino Andrea, Maglione Maria Grazia, Puglisi Giovanni
Casaccia Research Center, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.
Portici Research Center, ENEA, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Naples, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Dec 24;12(1):46. doi: 10.3390/nano12010046.
Environmentally friendly energy storage devices have been fabricated by using functional materials obtained from completely renewable resources. Gelatin, chitosan, casein, guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose have been investigated as sustainable and low-cost binders within the electrode active material of water-processable symmetric carbon-based supercapacitors. Such binders are selected from natural-derived materials and industrial by-products to obtain economic and environmental benefits. The electrochemical properties of the devices based on the different binders are compared by using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge curves and impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated supercapacitors exhibit series resistance lower than a few ohms and values of the specific capacitance ranged between 30 F/g and 80 F/g. The most performant device can deliver ca. 3.6 Wh/kg of energy at a high power density of 3925 W/kg. Gelatin, casein and carboxymethyl cellulose-based devices have shown device stability up to 1000 cycles. Detailed analysis on the charge storage mechanisms (e.g., involving faradaic and non-faradaic processes) at the electrode/electrolyte interface reveals a pseudocapacitance behavior within the supercapacitors. A clear correlation between the electrochemical performances (e.g., cycle stability, capacitance retention, series resistance value, coulombic efficiency) ageing phenomena and charge storage mechanisms within the porous carbon-based electrode have been discussed.
通过使用从完全可再生资源中获得的功能材料，制造出了环境友好型储能装置。明胶、壳聚糖、酪蛋白、瓜尔胶和羧甲基纤维素已被研究作为水可加工对称碳基超级电容器电极活性材料中的可持续且低成本的粘合剂。此类粘合剂选自天然衍生材料和工业副产品，以获得经济和环境效益。通过循环伏安法、恒电流充放电曲线和阻抗谱来比较基于不同粘合剂的装置的电化学性能。所制造的超级电容器表现出低于几欧姆的串联电阻，比电容值在30 F/g至80 F/g之间。性能最佳的装置在3925 W/kg的高功率密度下可提供约3.6 Wh/kg的能量。基于明胶、酪蛋白和羧甲基纤维素的装置已显示出高达1000次循环的装置稳定性。对电极/电解质界面处的电荷存储机制（例如，涉及法拉第和非法拉第过程）的详细分析揭示了超级电容器内的赝电容行为。已经讨论了多孔碳基电极内的电化学性能（例如，循环稳定性、电容保持率、串联电阻值、库仑效率）、老化现象和电荷存储机制之间的明确相关性。
