Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Philosophy and Education Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 22;19(1):69. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010069.
This paper aimed to explore the associations between maternal representations of attachment evaluated during pregnancy, pre and postnatal maternal depression, parenting stress and child's attachment at 15 months after childbirth.
Mothers ( = 71), and their infants participated in a longitudinal study of maternal attachment, pre and postnatal depression, parenting stress and child attachment. Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was conducted between 24 and 26 weeks of pregnancy (Time 1), depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (at Time 1 and 6 months after childbirth, i.e., Time 2), parenting stress was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PS-SF) (at Time 2) and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at child's 15 months of age (Time 3).
Free-autonomous maternal classification of attachment increases the likelihood of secure child classification in her offspring, while decreases that of avoidance and ambivalence. Insecure maternal representation of attachment evaluated during pregnancy and higher levels of parenting stress at six months after childbirth was associated with higher rates of infant insecure attachment at 15 months.
Our study validates the importance of considering maternal representations of attachment crucial in determining the quality of the caregiving environment, thereby the healthy development of children, despite the presence of other contextual risk.
本研究旨在探讨孕期、产前和产后母亲的依恋表现、育儿压力与儿童 15 个月时依恋之间的关系。
71 名母亲及其婴儿参与了一项关于母婴依恋、产前和产后抑郁、育儿压力和儿童依恋的纵向研究。成人依恋访谈（AAI）在妊娠 24-26 周时进行（第 1 次，Time 1），抑郁采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）评估（第 1 次和产后 6 个月，即第 2 次，Time 2），育儿压力采用育儿压力指数-短式（PS-SF）评估（第 2 次，Time 2），婴儿 15 个月时采用陌生情境程序（SSP）评估。
在怀孕期间对母婴依恋进行自由自主分类可以增加婴儿被归类为安全型的可能性，而减少回避和矛盾型的可能性。怀孕期间母婴依恋的不安全感表现以及产后 6 个月时育儿压力较高与婴儿在 15 个月时的不安全感依恋率较高有关。
我们的研究验证了考虑母婴依恋表现对于确定养育环境质量的重要性，从而促进儿童健康发展的重要性，尽管存在其他环境风险。
