Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 28;19(1):315. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010315.
Environmental factors are crucial determinants of disability in schizophrenic patients. Using data from the 2014-2018 Certification of Disability and Care Needs dataset, we identified 3882 adult patients (46.78% females; age, 51.01 ± 13.9 years) with schizophrenia. We found that patients with severe schizophrenia had lower capacity and performance than those with moderate schizophrenia. The chances of having an access barrier to environmental chapter 1 (e1) products and technology in moderate schizophrenic patients and in severe schizophrenic patients were 29.5% and 37.8%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the performance score was related to accessibility barriers in the categories described in e1, with adequate fitness of models in category e110 for personal consumption, e115 for personal usage in daily living activities, and e120 for personal outdoor and indoor mobility and transportation. Furthermore, the capacity-performance discrepancy was higher in moderate schizophrenic patients with accessibility barriers in the e110, e115, and e120 categories than that in moderate schizophrenic patients without accessibility barriers. However, severe schizophrenic patients with category e120 accessibility barriers were prone to a lower discrepancy, with institutional care a potentially decreasing factor. In conclusion, providing an e1 barrier-free environment is necessary for patients with schizophrenia to decrease their disability.
环境因素是精神分裂症患者残疾的重要决定因素。利用 2014-2018 年残疾和护理需求认证数据集的数据，我们确定了 3882 名成年精神分裂症患者（46.78%为女性；年龄 51.01±13.9 岁）。我们发现，严重精神分裂症患者的能力和表现均低于中度精神分裂症患者。中度精神分裂症患者和严重精神分裂症患者在环境章节 1（e1）产品和技术方面存在获取障碍的可能性分别为 29.5%和 37.8%。逻辑回归分析表明，表现评分与 e1 类别中无障碍障碍有关，在 e110 类别中个人消费、e115 类别中日常生活活动个人使用以及 e120 类别中个人户外和室内移动性和运输的模型适配度良好。此外，在 e110、e115 和 e120 类别中存在无障碍障碍的中度精神分裂症患者的能力-表现差距高于没有无障碍障碍的中度精神分裂症患者。然而，在 e120 类别中存在无障碍障碍的严重精神分裂症患者的差异较小，机构护理可能是一个潜在的降低因素。总之，为精神分裂症患者提供无障碍的 e1 环境对于降低他们的残疾程度是必要的。
