Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 30;19(1):354. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010354.
Sick leave has major social and economic consequences for both individuals and society. Primary Health Care (PHC) meets people who seek care before they risk going on sick leave. This study examined the impact of self-perceived health on sick leave within 12 months for workers seeking care in PHC.
The study had a prospective longitudinal design with 271 employed, non-sick-listed patients aged 18-64 years seeking care for physical and/or mental symptoms at PHC. In a logistic regression, an estimation of the odds ratio (OR) for belonging to the group workers with >14 days of sick-leave (W-SL) was made.
A high number of reasons when seeking care, with an OR of 1.33 (confidence interval 1.14 to 1.56), and lower self-rated health, with an OR of 1.45 (confidence interval 1.10 to 1.91), were determinants for sick leave at 12 months after adjusting for covariates and confounders. Mental symptoms constituted the main reason for seeking care, followed by musculoskeletal pain, and significant differences in proportions regarding most symptoms were shown between the groups with and without sick-leave >14 days.
Health care professionals in PHC need to be aware of the risk of future sick leave at comorbidity and low self-perceived health. Preventive rehabilitation interventions should be offered to improve health and prevent sick leave for this group.
病假对个人和社会都有重大的社会和经济影响。初级保健（PHC）在人们面临病假风险之前为寻求护理的人提供服务。本研究考察了在 PHC 寻求护理的劳动者自我感知健康对 12 个月内病假的影响。
该研究采用前瞻性纵向设计，共纳入 271 名 18-64 岁的在职、非病假登记的劳动者，他们因身体和/或精神症状在 PHC 寻求护理。通过逻辑回归，对属于病假>14 天（W-SL）组的工人的比值比（OR）进行估计。
调整协变量和混杂因素后，就诊时存在较多原因（OR=1.33，95%置信区间 1.14-1.56）和自我报告健康状况较差（OR=1.45，95%置信区间 1.10-1.91）是 12 个月后病假的决定因素。精神症状是寻求护理的主要原因，其次是肌肉骨骼疼痛，在病假>14 天的组和无病假>14 天的组之间，大多数症状的比例存在显著差异。
PHC 的医疗保健专业人员需要意识到共病和自我感知健康状况较差与未来病假风险之间的关系。应提供预防康复干预措施，以改善该群体的健康状况并预防病假。
