生牛肝菌中的营养和其他微量元素及其相关性
Nutritional and Other Trace Elements and Their Associations in Raw King Bolete Mushrooms, .
机构信息
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 31;19(1):417. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010417.
The occurrence and associations of Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cs, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, W, and Zn, including data that have not been previously reported on Be, Hf, In, Li, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Th, Ti and Zr, and the sum of (14) rare earth elements (ƩREE), were studied in a spatially diverse collection of the caps, stipes, and whole fruiting bodies using a validated procedure with measurement by quadrupole ICP-MS. Toxic Cd and Pb were in at concentrations below limits set by the European Union in regulations for raw cultivated mushrooms, while Ag, As, Hg, Sb, Tl, and U, which are not regulated, were at relatively low or typical levels as is usually found in mushrooms from an unpolluted area. The elements Be, Bi, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Nb, Ta, Th, and W, and also ƩREEs, were found at relatively low concentrations in , i.e., with levels from below 0.1 to below 0.01 mg kg dw, and for Ʃ14 REEs, the median was 0.31 mg kg dw. The composite samples of caps showed Ag, Cd, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hg, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Ti, and Zn at higher concentrations than stipes, while Ba, Co, Hf, Sr, Tl, and Zr were found at higher concentrations in stipes than caps ( < 0.05). Mushrooms were characterized by a low coefficient of variation (CV) of below 20%, between sites for concentrations of As, Cu, Ge, Hg, Ni, V, and Zn, while substantial differences (CV > 100%) were found for Ba, Bi, Co, Hf, Zr, and ƩREEs, and an intermediate variation was found for Sr, W, and U. Principal component analysis performed on mushrooms allowed differentiation with respect to 13 collection sites and separation of a consignment that was specifically contaminated, possibly due to a legacy pollution, with significantly higher levels of Ba, Co, Ga, Li, Nb, Ni, Sr, Th, Ti, Y, Zr, and ƩREEs, and another due to possible recent pollution (Pb-gasoline and also Ni); two due to geological contamination because of the Bi, In, Sc, Sb, Sn, Ta, V and W; and one more, the Sudety Mts. site, which was considered as "geogenic/anthropogenic" due to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cs, Ni, Pb, Rb, Tl, and U.
采用经验证的方法，通过四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行测量，对帽、菌褶和整个子实体的空间多样化样本进行了 Ag、As、Ba、Bi、Cd、Co、Cu、Cs、Hg、Ni、Pb、Rb、Sb、Sr、Tl、U、V、W 和 Zn 的含量及其关联物研究，包括以前未报告的 Be、Hf、In、Li、Mo、Nb、Sn、Ta、Th、Ti 和 Zr 的数据，以及（14）种稀土元素（ΣREE）的含量。在浓度低于欧盟对原始栽培蘑菇法规设定限量的情况下，有毒 Cd 和 Pb 存在于帽和菌褶中，而 Ag、As、Hg、Sb、Tl 和 U 这些未受监管的元素则处于相对较低或典型水平，这在通常情况下是在未受污染地区的蘑菇中发现的。Be、Bi、Ga、Ge、Hf、In、Nb、Ta、Th 和 W 等元素以及 ΣREEs 在菌褶中含量较低，浓度在 0.1 到 0.01mg/kg dw 以下，Σ14 REEs 的中位数为 0.31mg/kg dw。帽的复合样本中 Ag、Cd、Cu、Cs、Ga、Ge、Hg、Mo、Ni、Rb、Sb、Ti 和 Zn 的浓度高于菌褶，而 Ba、Co、Hf、Sr、Tl 和 Zr 的浓度则在菌褶中高于帽（<0.05）。蘑菇的特点是，As、Cu、Ge、Hg、Ni、V 和 Zn 的浓度在地点之间的变异系数（CV）低于 20%，而 Ba、Bi、Co、Hf、Zr 和 ΣREEs 的 CV 则大于 100%，Sr、W 和 U 的 CV 则处于中间水平。对蘑菇进行的主成分分析允许根据 13 个采集地点进行区分，并分离出一批可能由于遗留污染而受到严重污染的蘑菇，这些污染的蘑菇中 Ba、Co、Ga、Li、Nb、Ni、Sr、Th、Ti、Y、Zr 和 ΣREEs 的含量明显更高，另一批可能是由于最近的污染（汽油中的 Pb 和 Ni）；还有两批是由于地质污染，Bi、In、Sc、Sb、Sn、Ta、V 和 W 导致了这种污染；还有一个是苏台德山脉（Sudety Mts.）地区，由于 Ag、As、Be、Cd、Cs、Ni、Pb、Rb、Tl 和 U 的存在，该地区被认为是“地质/人为”污染。
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