Neves Tomé, Borda-de-Água Luís, Mathias Maria da Luz, Tapisso Joaquim T
CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 28;12(1):57. doi: 10.3390/ani12010057.
It is known that species' distributions are influenced by several ecological factors. Nonetheless, the geographical scale upon which the influence of these factors is perceived is largely undefined. We assessed the importance of competition in regulating the distributional limits of species at large geographical scales. We focus on species with similar diets, the European Soricidae shrews, and how interspecific competition changes along climatic gradients. We used presence data for the seven most widespread terrestrial species of Soricidae in Europe, gathered from GBIF, European museums, and climate data from WorldClim. We made use of two Joint Species Distribution Models to analyse the correlations between species' presences, aiming to understand the distinct roles of climate and competition in shaping species' distributions. Our results support three key conclusions: (i) climate alone does not explain all species' distributions at large scales; (ii) negative interactions, such as competition, seem to play a strong role in defining species' range limits, even at large scales; and (iii) the impact of competition on a species' distribution varies along a climatic gradient, becoming stronger at the climatic extremes. Our conclusions support previous research, highlighting the importance of considering biotic interactions when studying species' distributions, regardless of geographical scale.
众所周知，物种分布受多种生态因素影响。尽管如此，这些因素影响所涉及的地理尺度在很大程度上尚不明确。我们评估了竞争在大地理尺度上调节物种分布界限的重要性。我们聚焦于食性相似的物种——欧洲鼩鼱科鼩鼱，以及种间竞争如何随气候梯度变化。我们使用了从全球生物多样性信息网络（GBIF）、欧洲博物馆收集的欧洲鼩鼱科七种分布最广泛的陆生物种的出现数据，以及来自世界气候数据库（WorldClim）的气候数据。我们利用两种联合物种分布模型来分析物种出现情况之间的相关性，旨在了解气候和竞争在塑造物种分布中所起的不同作用。我们的结果支持三个关键结论：（i）仅气候因素无法解释大尺度上所有物种的分布；（ii）诸如竞争等负面相互作用似乎在界定物种分布范围界限方面发挥着重要作用，即使在大尺度上也是如此；（iii）竞争对物种分布的影响随气候梯度而变化，在气候极端情况下变得更强。我们的结论支持先前的研究，强调了在研究物种分布时考虑生物相互作用的重要性——无论地理尺度如何。
