Effects of Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of , and Genes Expression.

The present study investigated the effects of stem extract (ASE) on B16-F0 cell growth and metastasis. Evaluation of the effects of ASE on B16-F0 cells' viability and migration showed that 0.5 mg/mL ASE inhibited B16-F0 cells' growth by 30.2% and migration by 38.5%, which indicates that the ASE has anticancer and antimetastatic effects on B16-F0 cells. To study the anticancer and antimetastatic mechanism, mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (), and matrix metalloproteinases-9 () expressions were evaluated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL ASE was found to exert significant inhibition on mRNA expressions of , , and in B16-F0 cells. Thus, ASE reduce extracellular matrix degradation through inhibitions of expression of and and also showed an angiogenesis inhibitory effect through reduction of expression. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that among various polyphenols, gallic acid (2.1 mg/g) was a major compound of ASE. Overall, our results demonstrated that ASE inhibited the growth and migration of B16-F0 cells through downregulation of the , and genes expression, which indicates ASE could be applied for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.