Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece.
Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece.
Cells. 2021 Dec 22;11(1):20. doi: 10.3390/cells11010020.
Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.
目前，有几条研究路线正在探索，以更好地了解前列腺癌（PCa）中免疫检查点阻断反应或耐药的相关机制。髓源抑制细胞（MDSCs）已成为肿瘤微环境中主要的免疫抑制介质，促进了多种肿瘤类型的进展。目前正在探索 MDSC 诱导的免疫抑制的主要机制，并正在测试通过 MDSC 靶向增强抗肿瘤免疫反应的策略。然而，MDSCs 在 PCa 中的作用仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们旨在总结和介绍目前用于表型和代谢特征分析 PCa 中 MDSCs 的最新方法学知识。我们描述了这些特征如何与 MDSC 功能相关，并可能影响 PCa 患者的临床结局。最后，我们简要讨论了新兴的治疗性靶向 MDSC 的策略，并增强免疫疗法在 PCa 患者中的疗效。
