Tortorella Alfonso
Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2021 Dec 30;11(1):184. doi: 10.3390/jcm11010184.
The current management of patients with schizophrenia is marked by a lack of personalization. After the diagnosis is made, a second-generation antipsychotic is usually prescribed based on the current clinician's preferences, sometimes accompanied by a psychosocial intervention which is typically not evidence-based and not targeted to the specific needs of the individual patient. In this opinion paper, some steps are outlined that could be taken in order to address this lack of personalization. A special emphasis is laid on the clinical characterization of the patient who has received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Considerations are put forward concerning the assessment of the negative dimension in ordinary clinical practice, which is often neglected; the evaluation of cognitive functioning using a simple test battery which requires limited professional training and takes no more than 15 min to administer; the evaluation of social functioning using a validated instrument focusing on personal care skills, interpersonal relationships, social acceptability, activities, and work skills; and the assessment of the unmet needs of the person (including practical, social, and emotional needs, and existential or personal recovery). The implications of the assessment of these domains for the formulation of the management plan are discussed.
目前精神分裂症患者的管理缺乏个性化。确诊后,通常根据当前临床医生的偏好开具第二代抗精神病药物,有时还会辅以心理社会干预措施,但这种干预通常缺乏循证依据,也未针对个体患者的具体需求。在这篇观点论文中,概述了一些可以采取的步骤,以解决这种缺乏个性化的问题。特别强调了对已确诊精神分裂症患者的临床特征描述。提出了在普通临床实践中评估常被忽视的阴性症状维度的相关考量;使用一套简单测试组合评估认知功能,该测试组合所需专业培训有限,实施时间不超过15分钟;使用经过验证的工具评估社会功能,该工具侧重于个人护理技能、人际关系、社会接受度、活动和工作技能;以及评估患者未满足的需求(包括实际、社会和情感需求,以及生存或个人康复需求)。讨论了这些领域的评估对制定管理计划的影响。