Greigert Hélène, Ramon André, Tarris Georges, Martin Laurent, Bonnotte Bernard, Samson Maxime
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France.
Department of Vascular Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 5;11(1):275. doi: 10.3390/jcm11010275.
In the presence of temporal arteritis, clinicians often refer to the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). However, differential diagnoses should also be evoked because other types of vascular diseases, vasculitis or not, may affect the temporal artery. Among vasculitis, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is probably the most common, and typically affects the peri-adventitial small vessel of the temporal artery and sometimes mimics giant cell arteritis, however, other symptoms are frequently associated and more specific of ANCA-associated vasculitis prompt a search for ANCA. The Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) can cause temporal arteritis as well. Some infections can also affect the temporal artery, primarily an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which has an arterial tropism that may play a role in triggering giant cell arteritis. Drugs, mainly checkpoint inhibitors that are used to treat cancer, can also trigger giant cell arteritis. Furthermore, the temporal artery can be affected by diseases other than vasculitis such as atherosclerosis, calcyphilaxis, aneurysm, or arteriovenous fistula. In this review, these different diseases affecting the temporal artery are described.
在颞动脉炎存在的情况下，临床医生常提及巨细胞动脉炎（GCA）的诊断。然而，也应考虑鉴别诊断，因为其他类型的血管疾病，无论是否为血管炎，都可能累及颞动脉。在血管炎中，抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关血管炎可能最为常见，通常累及颞动脉的外膜周围小血管，有时会模仿巨细胞动脉炎，然而，其他症状往往与之相关，且ANCA相关血管炎更具特异性，这促使人们寻找ANCA。免疫球蛋白G4相关疾病（IgG4-RD）也可导致颞动脉炎。一些感染也可能累及颞动脉，主要是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）引起的感染，该病毒具有动脉嗜性，可能在触发巨细胞动脉炎中起作用。药物，主要是用于治疗癌症的检查点抑制剂，也可引发巨细胞动脉炎。此外，颞动脉还可受到血管炎以外的疾病影响，如动脉粥样硬化、钙沉着症、动脉瘤或动静脉瘘。在本综述中，将描述这些影响颞动脉的不同疾病。
