Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Psychol Med. 2023 May;53(7):3133-3141. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721005195. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
Previous research has highlighted the importance of understanding which psychosocial factors distinguish between those with suicide thoughts compared to those who attempt suicide. This study aims to investigate these distinguishing factors further within an ideation-to-action framework and to explore sex differences in suicide risk.
Participants ( = 7546, aged 16+) were from the cross-sectional Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS; 2014) of England. Face-to-face and self-completion questionnaires assessed lifetime suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, demographic characteristics, life experiences, social support, health and mental illness. Multinomial logistic regression examined factors differentiating between those with suicidal ideation only and suicide attempt histories (with or without suicidal ideation) in men and women.
Overall men were less likely to report suicidal thoughts and attempts, compared to females. More factors differentiated between suicidal thoughts and attempts in women compared to in men; these included hospital admission for mental illness, below degree level qualifications, being single and childhood adversity. In men, factors which significantly differentiated between suicidal thoughts and attempts included self-report of professional diagnosis of mental illness and childhood adversity. Higher levels of social support were associated with being in the suicidal thoughts group in the attempts group in men.
This study identified some key differences between men and women in factors associated with suicide attempts compared to suicidal thoughts. The findings support the use of the ideation-to-action framework to investigate sex differences in suicidal behaviour. Future research should examine the extent to which these factors are associated with suicide risk over time.
先前的研究强调了理解哪些心理社会因素可以区分有自杀念头的人与试图自杀的人的重要性。本研究旨在进一步在观念到行动的框架内研究这些区分因素，并探讨自杀风险中的性别差异。
参与者（n=7546，年龄在 16 岁及以上）来自于英格兰的横断面成人精神发病学调查（APMS；2014 年）。面对面和自我完成的问卷评估了终生自杀意念、终生自杀企图、人口统计学特征、生活经历、社会支持、健康和精神疾病。多项逻辑回归检验了在男性和女性中，将仅有自杀意念者与有自杀企图史（无论是否有自杀意念）区分开来的因素。
总体而言，与女性相比，男性报告自杀念头和企图的可能性较小。与男性相比，更多的因素可以区分自杀意念和企图；这些因素包括因精神疾病住院、未获得学位、单身和童年逆境。在男性中，将自杀意念与自杀企图区分开来的显著因素包括自我报告的专业精神疾病诊断和童年逆境。在男性中，社会支持水平较高与处于自杀意念组而不是自杀企图组相关。
本研究确定了与自杀企图相关的因素在男性和女性之间存在一些关键差异，与自杀意念相比。这些发现支持使用观念到行动的框架来调查自杀行为中的性别差异。未来的研究应该检查这些因素在多大程度上与随时间推移的自杀风险相关。
