Center for Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Udgir, Latur, Maharashtra, India.
Zoo Biol. 2022 Jul;41(4):328-339. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21671. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
Indian leopards kept in zoos are fed solely on carabeef on bone (CBB) diets. Carabeef contains lesser or no carotenoids. Hence, the captive Indian leopard diets are suspected to be deficient in carotenoids while their wild counterparts acquire these pigments from their natural prey. Lutein is a vital carotenoid that plays its role as an antioxidant and immunomodulator. This experiment investigates the effect of lutein supplementation on antioxidant status, immunity, and stress in captive Panthera fusca fed CBB diets. Nine leopards were used based on 3 × 3 replicated Latin square designs in the experiment. Groups CON, LUT20, and LUT40 were supplemented with 0, 20, and 40 ppm of lutein, respectively. Each experiment comprised of 10 days of wash-out period, 11 days of adaptation, and 4 days of collection. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) was higher (p < .01) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of protein, globulin, urea (p < .05), total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) index were higher (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum concentration of immunoglobulin were higher (p < .001) in group LUT20. Serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and fecal concentration of cortisol decreased (p < .001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of total immunoglobulin (µg/ml) and LTT were higher in group LUT20. Fecal concentration of cortisol (ng/g) was lower in LUT20 and LUT40. The study concludes that supplementation of lutein at 20 ppm would improve antioxidant status and immunity and alleviate stress in captive Indian leopards.
动物园中的印度豹仅以带骨卡拉贝牛肉（CBB）为食。卡拉贝牛肉中含有较少或不含类胡萝卜素。因此，圈养印度豹的饮食被怀疑缺乏类胡萝卜素，而它们的野生同类则从天然猎物中获取这些色素。叶黄素是一种重要的类胡萝卜素，具有抗氧化和免疫调节作用。本实验研究了叶黄素补充对以 CBB 为食的圈养 Panthera fusca 抗氧化状态、免疫和应激的影响。该实验使用了 9 只豹子，基于 3×3 重复拉丁方设计。CON、LUT20 和 LUT40 组分别补充 0、20 和 40 ppm 的叶黄素。每个实验包括 10 天的洗脱期、11 天的适应期和 4 天的采集期。粗蛋白（CP）的消化率在 LUT20 和 LUT40 组中更高（p<.01）。血清中蛋白质、球蛋白、尿素（p<.05）、总类胡萝卜素、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和淋巴细胞转化试验（LTT）指数在 LUT20 和 LUT40 组中更高（p<.001）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和血清免疫球蛋白浓度在 LUT20 组中更高（p<.001）。血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度和粪便皮质醇浓度在 LUT20 和 LUT40 组中降低（p<.001）。血清总免疫球蛋白（µg/ml）和 LTT 在 LUT20 组中更高。LUT20 和 LUT40 组粪便皮质醇（ng/g）浓度较低。研究结论是，在 20 ppm 下补充叶黄素可以改善圈养印度豹的抗氧化状态和免疫力，并减轻其应激反应。
