Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany.
IUBMB Life. 2022 Jul;74(7):645-654. doi: 10.1002/iub.2591. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
Flavoproteins are key players in numerous redox pathways in cells. Flavin cofactors FMN and FAD confer the required chemical reactivity to flavoenzymes. In most cases, the interaction between the proteins and the flavins is noncovalent, yet stronger in comparison to other redox-active cofactors, such as NADH and NADPH. The association is considered static, but this view has started to change with the recent discovery of the dynamic association of flavins and flavoenzymes. Six cases from different organisms and various metabolic pathways are discussed here. The available mechanistic details span the range from rudimentary, as in the case of the ER-resident oxidoreductase Ero1, to comprehensive, as for the bacterial respiratory complex I. The same holds true in regard to the assumed functional role of the dynamic association presented here. More work is needed to clarify the structural and functional determinants of the known examples. Identification of new cases will help to appreciate the generality of the new principle of intracellular flavoenzyme regulation.
黄素蛋白是细胞中许多氧化还原途径的关键参与者。黄素辅因子 FMN 和 FAD 赋予黄素酶所需的化学反应性。在大多数情况下，蛋白质与黄素之间的相互作用是非共价的，但与其他氧化还原活性辅因子（如 NADH 和 NADPH）相比，这种相互作用更强。这种结合被认为是静态的，但随着最近发现黄素和黄素酶的动态结合，这种观点开始发生变化。本文讨论了来自不同生物体和不同代谢途径的 6 个案例。可用的机制细节涵盖了从 ER 驻留氧化还原酶 Ero1 的基本情况到细菌呼吸复合物 I 的全面情况。这里提出的动态关联的假定功能作用也是如此。需要做更多的工作来阐明已知例子的结构和功能决定因素。鉴定新的案例将有助于理解细胞内黄素酶调节的新原则的普遍性。
