School of Zoology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel.
Proc Biol Sci. 2022 Jan 12;289(1966):20211968. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1968.
Suction-feeding in fishes is a ubiquitous form of prey capture whose outcome depends both on the movements of the predator and the prey, and on the dynamics of the surrounding fluid, which exerts forces on the two organisms. The inherent complexity of suction-feeding has challenged previous efforts to understand how the feeding strikes are modified when species evolve to feed on different prey types. Here, we use the concept of dynamic similarity, commonly applied to understanding the mechanisms of swimming, flying, walking and aquatic feeding. We characterize the hydrodynamic regimes pertaining to (i) the forward movement of the fish (ram), and (ii) the suction flows for feeding strikes of 71 species of acanthomorph fishes. A discriminant function analysis revealed that feeding strikes of zooplanktivores, generalists and piscivores could be distinguished based on their hydrodynamic regimes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that there are distinctive hydrodynamic adaptive peaks associated with zooplanktivores, generalists and piscivores. The scaling of dynamic similarity across species, body sizes and feeding guilds in fishes indicates that elementary hydrodynamic principles govern the trophic evolution of suction-feeding in fishes.
鱼类的吸吮进食是一种普遍的捕食形式，其结果既取决于捕食者和猎物的运动，也取决于周围流体的动力学，流体对这两个生物体施加力。吸吮进食的固有复杂性使得之前理解当物种进化为以不同的猎物类型为食时，进食攻击是如何被改变的努力受到了挑战。在这里，我们使用了动态相似性的概念，该概念通常用于理解游泳、飞行、行走和水生进食的机制。我们描述了与（i）鱼类前进运动（冲击）和（ii）进食攻击的抽吸流相关的流动力学状态，用于 71 种棘鳍鱼类。判别函数分析表明，根据它们的流动力学状态，可以区分浮游动物食者、杂食者和肉食者的进食攻击。此外，系统发育比较分析表明，与浮游动物食者、杂食者和肉食者相关的有独特的流动力学适应峰。鱼类中跨物种、体型和摄食群体的动态相似性的缩放表明，基本的流体动力学原理控制着鱼类吸吮进食的营养进化。
