Arne A, Ilgaza A
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Preclinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia.
Vet World. 2021 Nov;14(11):2883-2888. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2883-2888. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
Europe and the USA have banned antibiotics use as growth promoters. There is a need for alternative products that can ensure production and health protection. Prebiotics has been proposed as alternatives because these materials have wide-ranging physiological effects on gut function, activity of the large intestinal microflora, mineral absorption, and immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three different doses of inulin, a prebiotic, in combination with probiotic (a new synbiotic) on postnatal rumen development by comparing rumen papilla length, width, muscle layer thickness, and content pH level.
Randomly selected 23 (±5)-days-old healthy male Holstein crossbreed calves, weighing 50 kg (±5 kg), were randomly allocated to seven groups, ten in each group. The calves were kept in a pen of 5, under the same conditions and were fed twice a day, ~3.5 liters of whole milk per feeding. Control group (C n=10) was fed with whole milk only (no additives were added). The six other groups (three prebiotics and three synbiotics) received food additives with their morning milk feeding. The source of prebiotics, powder concentrate (JAPC) contained 50% of inulin. JAPC in doses of 6 g, 12 g, or 24 g were added to the milk. Formed prebiotic groups were denoted as PreG6, PreG12, and PreG24. To evaluate if the addition of the probiotic 2×10 colony forming unit g to manufacturer recommended dose of 0.25 g improves inulin effect on rumen, it was added to all their JAPC doses. The new content synbiotic groups were denoted as SynG6, SynG12, and SynG24. On day 57 of the study, when all calves were approximately 12 weeks old, they were slaughtered in a certified slaughterhouse. Tissue cultures for histological analysis were obtained from and of the rumen. Tissue culture staining for histology was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin staining method. Rumen histological samples were used to measure papilla length, width, and muscle layer thickness. Each sample was used to make five measurements on the present rumen papilla.
The results showed that by adding 12 g of inulin to whole milk when feeding calves improves rumen papilla development, which is seen by increased length and width of papilla, especially in the region. By combing this dose of inulin with 0.25 g of , a significant increase of papilla is achieved. muscle layer in the rumen is thicker than it is in regardless of addition of prebiotics or synbiotics.
The addition of inulin to whole milk can influence the pH of the rumen by making it more alkaline. The addition of prebiotic inulin and a novel synbiotic (inulin combined with ) can accelerate postnatal rumen development and improve its functionality.
欧洲和美国已禁止将抗生素用作生长促进剂。因此需要能够确保生产和健康保护的替代产品。益生元被提议作为替代品，因为这些物质对肠道功能、大肠微生物群活性、矿物质吸收和免疫力具有广泛的生理作用。本研究的目的是通过比较瘤胃乳头长度、宽度、肌肉层厚度和内容物pH值，确定三种不同剂量的益生元菊粉与益生菌（一种新型合生元）组合对产后瘤胃发育的影响。
随机选取23（±5）日龄、体重50 kg（±5 kg）的健康雄性荷斯坦杂交犊牛，随机分为7组，每组10头。犊牛5头饲养在一个围栏中，条件相同，每天喂食两次，每次喂食约3.5升全脂牛奶。对照组（C，n = 10）仅喂食全脂牛奶（不添加任何添加剂）。其他六组（三组益生元组和三组合生元组）在早晨喂食牛奶时添加食品添加剂。益生元的来源，粉末浓缩物（JAPC）含有50%的菊粉。将6 g、12 g或24 g剂量的JAPC添加到牛奶中。形成的益生元组分别记为PreG6、PreG12和PreG24。为了评估将2×10菌落形成单位/克的益生菌添加到制造商推荐的0.25克剂量是否能改善菊粉对瘤胃的作用，将其添加到所有JAPC剂量中。新的内容物合生元组分别记为SynG6、SynG12和SynG24。在研究的第57天，当所有犊牛大约12周龄时，在一家认证的屠宰场将它们屠宰。从瘤胃的 和 处获取用于组织学分析的组织培养物。使用苏木精和伊红染色法进行组织学的组织培养染色。瘤胃组织学样本用于测量乳头长度、宽度和肌肉层厚度。每个样本用于对当前瘤胃乳头进行五次测量。
结果表明，在喂养犊牛时向全脂牛奶中添加12 g菊粉可改善瘤胃乳头发育，这可通过乳头长度和宽度的增加看出，尤其是在 区域。通过将该剂量的菊粉与0.25 g的 组合，乳头显著增加。无论添加益生元还是合生元，瘤胃中的 肌肉层都比 中的厚。
向全脂牛奶中添加菊粉可使瘤胃pH值更偏碱性，从而影响瘤胃pH值。添加益生元菊粉和新型合生元（菊粉与 组合）可加速产后瘤胃发育并改善其功能。
