Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Jan 12;38(3):41. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03225-w.
The most crucial and expensive fragment in the broiler chicken production industry is the feed. Because of the rising demand, finding a cheap and effective feed is an urgent necessity. Fermentation of broiler feed by probiotic fungal starters can enhance the nutrient's availability and digestibility while preventing pathogenic growth. In this study different Rhizopus spp. have been isolated from agricultural soils around Izmir, Turkey, and tested for their probiotic potential and fermentative capacity. The isolated Rhizopus strains first underwent microscopical fluorescent investigation to exclude endofungal bacterial presence, then, those without endofungal bacteria (totally 82) were tested for antimicrobial activity counter bacterial and fungal pathogens. The ones with wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity (totally 10) were tested for gastrointestinal tolerance and antioxidant ability. Upon phenotypic and genotypic identification, the 10 isolates were found to belong to Rhizopus oryzae species. While all 10 strains showed variable gastrointestinal tolerance and antioxidant activities, three of them (92/1, 236/2, and 284) had relatively high antioxidant activity. Upon fermentative capacity assay, compared to unfermented commercial feed, there was a general decrease in crude fiber content by 56% after fermentation by 92/1 isolate for 4 days and 236/2 isolate for 2 days. The highest increase in crude protein content (by 14.5%) occurred after a 4-day fermentation period by 236/2 isolate. The highest increase in metabolizable energy was 8.64%, by the 284 isolate after 2 days of fermentation. In conclusion, the three strains showed good probiotic properties and fermentative capacities hence can be beneficial for the poultry industry.
在肉鸡生产行业中，最重要和最昂贵的部分是饲料。由于需求不断增加，寻找一种廉价且有效的饲料是当务之急。通过益生菌真菌启动子发酵肉鸡饲料可以提高营养物质的可用性和消化率，同时防止病原体生长。在这项研究中，从土耳其伊兹密尔周围的农业土壤中分离出不同的根霉属真菌，并测试其益生菌潜力和发酵能力。首先对分离出的根霉属菌株进行显微镜荧光调查，以排除内生真菌的存在，然后对没有内生真菌的菌株（共 82 株）进行抗细菌和真菌病原体的抗菌活性测试。具有广谱抗菌活性的菌株（共 10 株）进行胃肠道耐受和抗氧化能力测试。通过表型和基因型鉴定，这 10 株分离物被鉴定为米根霉种。虽然所有 10 株菌株都表现出不同的胃肠道耐受和抗氧化活性，但其中 3 株（92/1、236/2 和 284）具有相对较高的抗氧化活性。在发酵能力测定中，与未发酵的商业饲料相比，经过 92/1 分离株发酵 4 天和 236/2 分离株发酵 2 天，粗纤维含量普遍降低了 56%。经过 4 天发酵后，236/2 分离株的粗蛋白含量增加了 14.5%。经过 2 天发酵后，284 分离株的可代谢能增加最多，为 8.64%。综上所述，这 3 株菌株表现出良好的益生菌特性和发酵能力，因此对家禽业有益。
